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Orthodoxy and Nationalism before the Unification of Wallachia and Moldavia Orthodoxy and Nationalism before the Unification of Wallachia and Moldavia
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Orthodoxy and State during the Reign of Prince CuzaClose Orthodoxy and State during the Reign of Prince CuzaClose
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Orthodoxy and Politics during the Reign of King Carol I Orthodoxy and Politics during the Reign of King Carol I
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Orthodoxy and Nationalism in Transylvania, Bukovina, and Bessarabia Orthodoxy and Nationalism in Transylvania, Bukovina, and Bessarabia
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Transylvania Transylvania
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Bukovina Bukovina
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Bessarabia Bessarabia
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Orthodoxy and the “Sacred Unity” of Romanians Orthodoxy and the “Sacred Unity” of Romanians
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Conclusion Conclusion
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List of Hierarchs and Metropolitans List of Hierarchs and Metropolitans
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Cite
Abstract
This chapter investigates the evolution of the Orthodox Church in the Romanian-inhabited territories of Wallachia, Moldavia, Transylvania, Bukovina and Bessarabia. The 1859 union between the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia under the rule of Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza (1859-1866) was closely connected to the rise of the Romanian Orthodox Church outside the jurisdictional authority of the Ecumenical Patriarch. Imposing control of the Church, Cuza introduced the secularisation of monasteries, declared Romanian as the only language spoken in religious rituals, and established a church council, or Synod, that followed his rule. Comparable to Greece's political trajectory, Romanian political leaders sought support from European powers and elected the Roman Catholic Prince Carol I from the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen family (1866-1914) as head of state. The Romanian Orthodox Church declared autocephaly in 1865, and was recognised by Constantinople in 1885. The proclamation of the Romanian independent kingdom in 1881 was accompanied by increased control of the Church by the state, which led to ecclesiastical instability. Romania provides a unique case within Orthodox Christianity in Southeastern Europe as a competitor church, the Romanian Greek Catholic Church, was one of the most active supporters of national identity in Transylvania under the Habsburg Empire.
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