Miracle and Machine: Jacques Derrida and the Two Sources of Religion, Science, and the Media
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Derrida's title and subtitle—“Faith and Knowledge: The Two Sources of ‘Religion’ at the Limits of Religion Alone”—combine, as we have seen, not just two but three classic texts on religion: Hegel's Faith and Knowledge, Kant's Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone, and Henri Bergson's 1932 The Two Sources of Morality and Religion. Such a combination is striking insofar as Bergson is a far less common reference in Derrida's work as a whole than either Hegel or Kant. If Derrida devoted a significant amount of work to Hegel (especially early on, in “The Pit and the Pyramid,” Glas, and elsewhere) and to Kant (in The Truth in Painting and his various works on hospitality, cosmopolitanism, and the university), there is really no comparable engagement or dialogue with Bergson anywhere else in Derrida's published works.1Close Given the significance of Bergson in twentieth-century French philosophy, this absence may come as something of a surprise, even if it is hardly unique. For reasons that would surely call for extended analysis, Derrida's twentieth century “sources” or “influences” tended to be much more German than French. Although Derrida does have punctual debates with Foucault, Ricoeur, and Lacan, among others, there is nothing to compare to his more sustained engagements with Husserl, Heidegger, and Freud. And while there are commentaries on important French philosopher-writers (Montaigne, Descartes, Rousseau, etc.) and readings of poets and novelists writing in French (Ponge, Jabès, Blanchot, Genet, Bataille, Leiris), as well as an extended engagement with the philosopher Emmanuel Levinas, writing in French but born in Lithuania, there is a noticeable lack of engagement with the major figures of twentieth-century French philosophy, such as Sartre, Merleau-Ponty, and Bergson.2Close
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