... for women’s rights through political and labor organizing Henry Diana Mara National Women’s Conference NWC Poston Esra Wyatt Addie Abzug Bella Etzler Carole Black women Equal Rights Amendment ERA Hayes Charles President’s Commission on the Status of Women PCSW Coalition of Labor Union Women CLUW...

...The introduction outlines the central argument of the book, situating the Citizenship Education Program (CEP) within a rich historiography of black women’s local activism, local studies of the civil rights movement, segregated education in the Jim Crow South, and the War on Poverty. The case study...

... to the social environment for Black Philadelphians are real estate practices, “White Flight,” and hiring practices that allocated most Black men to unskilled jobs and many Black women to domestic “day work.” Also investigated is the rise of what Arthur Huff Fauset calls “Black Cults,” as well as female-led...

.... These experiences include employment patterns and salaries earned; “separate but equal” education during the Plessy v. Ferguson era; White on Black violence, such as false imprisonment and threats of and actual lynching; politics of sex between White men and Black women in the South; enculturation...

... the antebellum period and highlights the social conditions which the women faced in their quest for educational attainment. Before 1865, women, particularly black women, were subject to violent reprisals, racism, and discriminatory school policies. For instance, in 1833, mob violence destroyed the Prudence...

...This chapter relates the six collegiate experiences discussed in the previous chapter to an institutional context of black women's collegiate experiences. Attention is focused on the existing differences between the historically black colleges and universities and the predominantly white...

...The progress toward building a critical mass of undergraduate degree holders moved at a slow pace for black women, most especially their quest to attain degree holder. This chapter probes into the conditions under which African American women pursued graduate studies and explores the disciplinary...

...For the black female subject in the New World, the separation between the sexual and the spiritual had to be maintained within the framework of black women's historical subjugation, not just physically, but more significantly, sexually. Therefore, the central challenges for black women writers have...

...This chapter examines the ways in which Zora Neale Hurston's interventions in Their Eyes Were Watching God challenged and transformed the representations of black women in literary texts, thereby laying the groundwork for her legatees to continue the work of imagining the black...

... Palmer Adisa, and Edwidge Danticat. This book builds on the work of previous scholars who have identified the ways that black women's narratives often contain a form of spirituality rooted in African cosmology, which consistently grounds their characters' self-empowerment and quest for autonomy. What...

... Church activism of black women Gender system Victorian North Carolina Black Baptist Convention Victorianism Whitted John Alston J A Women Christianity Colored Methodist Episcopal Church Masculinization campaigns Muscular Christianity Baptist State Convention Women's Baptist Convention Black...

... and upwardly mobile Black women’s public engagement, rather than embracing patriarchal gender norms that relegated women to the home, challenged the gendered public-private dichotomy promoted by white Cuban elites. African-descended women who navigated the public sphere worked to inscribe themselves...

...This chapter explores how a small but influential group of elite Black women employed feminist thought as a citizenship practice between the 1910s and 1930s. The women who wrote for publications like Minerva represented an island-wide network that bridged movements for women’s...

..., rather than mutually exclusive, philosophies against racial discrimination. In this book, the involvement of prominent black women, their contributions and their strategies that helped define black feminist thought and curb the racial issue, is examined and analyzed. This book focuses on the political...

... in the establishment of what would be one of the most influential businesses along the black strata. This chapter examines the manner with which she combined economic profitability with the aim to uplift the racial image particularly of black women. The chapter also discusses the business enterprises, marketing...

...This chapter explores black women’s contributions to southern history by considering the contours and nuances of their intersectional experiences. Jones-Branch highlights the scholarly production that has resulted from often overlooked or underutilized resources that reveal the intellectual labor...

...This volume offers a panoramic view of Black feminist politics through the stories of a remarkable cross section of Black women who attended the 1977 National Women’s Conference. These women advocated for civil and women’s rights but also for accessibility, lesbians, sex workers, welfare recipients...

... in their efforts to obtain rights and resources played an integral role in forging a modern democracy. By focusing on evolving citizenship practices among a range of social actors, the book demonstrates how Black women activists contributed to shape legal reforms, political movements, and social ideologies...

...This chapter emphasizes how Black women communists endeavored to unify a broad contingent of laboring women. Communist activists of all races promoted workers’ rights, including the right to strike, equality for women and Blacks, government regulation of major industries, and the creation of social...

...This chapter discusses how the revolutionary government’s programs to eradicate social disparities shifted how Black women activists might respond to racial and gender discrimination. Government efforts to consolidate nationalist narratives led to the erosion of traditional pathways for challenging...