
Contents
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Western Iberia at the Time of the Neolithic Transition: A Brief Overview Western Iberia at the Time of the Neolithic Transition: A Brief Overview
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The Mesolithic and the Early Neolithic The Mesolithic and the Early Neolithic
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The Middle Neolithic The Middle Neolithic
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Unequal Socioeconomic Developments of Megalith Builders Unequal Socioeconomic Developments of Megalith Builders
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Exploitation of Marine/Estuarine Food Sources in Central–Southern Portugal Exploitation of Marine/Estuarine Food Sources in Central–Southern Portugal
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Multiscale Asymmetries in the Beira Alta Megalithism Multiscale Asymmetries in the Beira Alta Megalithism
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Discussion: Segmentary Societies at the Onset of Megalithism? Discussion: Segmentary Societies at the Onset of Megalithism?
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Demography in the Long Term Demography in the Long Term
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Social Organization Social Organization
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Conclusion Conclusion
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References Cited References Cited
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9 On the Edge of Inequality: Economic and Social Boundaries at the Onset of Megalithism in Western Iberia (Fourth Millennium BC)
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Published:January 2023
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Abstract
The Neolithic arrived and spread along Western Iberia between 5500 and 5000 BC, giving rise to megalith building around 4000 BC. Nonetheless, the exploitation of marine/estuarine resources occurred in certain regions side by side with farming economies and the circulation of exogeneous goods (variscite, jade). This phenomenon may be explained by the social structure of the farming communities: These were likely organized in politically independent and economically self-sufficient groups (i.e., segmentary societies) which probably evolved with “ups and downs” at times of greater or lesser social hierarchisation due to short-scaled demographic cycles. Differential access to resources deployed unequal developments between groups settled in territories with diverse geo-ecological features. Sociopolitical and subsistence boundaries were then more firmly established. The building of dolmens—the material manifestation of an ideology then spreading in Atlantic Europe—interacted with this emerging scenario by allowing the creation of foci for group identity.
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