
Contents
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Chronologies and Culture History of Central Mexico in the Formative Period Chronologies and Culture History of Central Mexico in the Formative Period
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Middle Formative Chronology at Tlalancaleca Middle Formative Chronology at Tlalancaleca
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A Revision of Ceramic Chronology in the Basin of Mexico A Revision of Ceramic Chronology in the Basin of Mexico
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Revisiting Ceramic Chronology at Chalcatzingo Revisiting Ceramic Chronology at Chalcatzingo
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Radiocarbon Dates at Chalcatzingo Radiocarbon Dates at Chalcatzingo
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Ceramic Cross-Dating Ceramic Cross-Dating
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Discussion Discussion
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Reframing the Olmecs in Central Mexico Reframing the Olmecs in Central Mexico
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Post-Chalcatzingo Social Transformation in Central Mexico Post-Chalcatzingo Social Transformation in Central Mexico
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Conclusions Conclusions
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Acknowledgments Acknowledgments
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Bibliography Bibliography
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9 Refining the Middle Formative Chronology in Central Mexico: Implications for the Origins of the Central Mexican Urban Tradition
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Published:May 2022
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Abstract
During the Middle Formative Period (ca. 900–500 BCE), several settlements were created across Mesoamerica that then developed into early cities during the Late Formative (ca. 500/400-100 BCE). One of the intriguing issues is the timing and nature of social transformations during these time periods in different regions of Mesoamerica. A revision of Chalcatzingo’s chronology based on Bayesian models, new radiocarbon dates from Tlalancaleca and other sites, and ceramic cross-dating suggests that Chalcatzingo declined around 700 BCE instead of 500/400 BCE. This indicates temporal and geographic disruption between earlier Morelos-Guerrero tradition associated with Olmec style and the later Central Mexican urban tradition. This disruption was likely accompanied by sociopolitical and ideological transformations. The trajectory in Central Mexico contrasts with eastern Mesoamerica where Olmec carving styles and associated ideology persisted after 700 BCE.
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