
Contents
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Biocultural Constructions of Biology and Hierarchy Biocultural Constructions of Biology and Hierarchy
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Hierarchy and Biological Stress in the Middle Sicán State of Ancient Peru Hierarchy and Biological Stress in the Middle Sicán State of Ancient Peru
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Mortuary Evidence of Middle Sicán Social Hierarchy Mortuary Evidence of Middle Sicán Social Hierarchy
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Biological Corollaries of Middle Sicán Social Hierarchy Biological Corollaries of Middle Sicán Social Hierarchy
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Materials and Methods Materials and Methods
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Results Results
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Discussion Discussion
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The Bioarchaeology of Hierarchy: Prospects and Cautions The Bioarchaeology of Hierarchy: Prospects and Cautions
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Conclusion and Directions for Future Research Conclusion and Directions for Future Research
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Acknowledgments Acknowledgments
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Note Note
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Literature Cited Literature Cited
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16 Middle Sicán Mortuary Archaeology, Skeletal Biology, and Genetic Structures in Late Pre-Hispanic South America
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Published:April 2017
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Abstract
Bioarchaeological study of human remains in the heartland of the Middle Sicán culture (A.D. 900–1100) in Peru’s northern Lambayeque Valley Complex bring together many lines of biological and archaeological data drawn from 35 years of research. The authors demonstrate strongly institutionalized expressions of social hierarchy between elite ethnic Sicán lords and the lower status ethnic Muchik people living throughout the valley. Comparisons of skeletal stress markers between the two groups point to lower status Muchik enduring measurably greater morbidity, more physically demanding lifestyles, and lower quality diets. However, higher-status individuals revealed unique examples of interpersonal violence, perhaps related to risks associated with their political station. Analysis of mtDNA and tooth size variation indicates that social inequality also shaped their gene pool, such that elite Sicán and commoner Muchik groups did not widely intermarry. Klaus et al. propose these biological differences can be explained within the theoretical construct of embodiment, and that differences in resource access was one of several factors contributing to the collapse of the Middle Sicán political and religious system.
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