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Ivonne Lesman-Leegte, Tiny Jaarsma, Robbert Sanderman, Hans L Hillege, Dirk J van Veldhuisen, Determinants of Depressive Symptoms in Hospitalised Men and Women with Heart Failure, European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, Volume 7, Issue 2, 1 June 2008, Pages 121–126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcnurse.2007.07.002
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Abstract
Background: Depressive symptoms are prominent and related to an increased risk on cardiovascular disease outcomes and all cause mortality in HF patients.
Aim: To intervene effectively, factors related to depressive symptoms in men and women should be identified.
Methods: Depressive symptoms of 921 hospitalised HF patients (61% male; age 71 ± 11; LVEF 33% ± 14, NYHA II–IV) were assessed by the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D).
Results: Overall 40% of the patients had depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥ 16), which were more common in women than in men (47% versus 36%, p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis in men revealed that depressive symptoms were related to age (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.71–0.98, p = 0.03, per 10 years), physical health (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.71–0.83, p < 0.001, per 10 units) and HF symptoms. In women depressive symptoms were also related to NYHA II–III versus IV (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.37–0.95, p < 0.03) and COPD (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.20–4.53, p < 0.012).
Conclusion: Depressive symptoms are more common in women than in men. In both men and women depressive symptoms are related to age and physical health. For clinical factors: In men only HF symptoms, but in women also NYHA and COPD were related to depressive symptoms.
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