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This Focus Issue on acute cardiovascular care, cardiac and vascular surgery, heart failure and cardiomyopathies contains the Special Article ‘Ventricular septal defect complicating acute myocardial infarction: diagnosis and management. A Clinical Consensus Statement of the Association for Acute CardioVascular Care (ACVC) of the ESC, the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) of the ESC, and the ESC Working Group on Cardiovascular Surgery’ by Florian Schlotter from the University of Leipzig in Germany, and colleagues.1 The authors note that ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are a rare complication after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), with a mortality close to 100% if left untreated.2,3 However, even surgical or interventional closure is associated with a very high mortality, and currently no randomized controlled trials are available addressing the optimal treatment strategy of this disease. This clinical consensus statement outlines the diagnosis, haemodynamic consequences, and treatment strategies of VSDs complicating AMI, with a focus on current available evidence and on major research questions to fill the gap in evidence.

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