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Roland Hetzer, Michael Dandel, Early detection of left ventricular dysfunction in patients with mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflet is still a challenge, European Heart Journal, Volume 32, Issue 6, March 2011, Pages 665–667, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehq399
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This editorial refers to ‘Prognostic and therapeutic implications of pulmonary hypertension complicating degenerative mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflet: A Multicentre Long-term International Study’†, by A. Barbieri et al., on page 751
Lack of normal mitral leaflet apposition and abnormal pointing of the flail component into the left atrium (LA) during systole are typical features of mitral leaflet flail which generate haemodynamically relevant mitral regurgitation (MR). The most common reason for mitral leaflet flail is chord rupture.1 Rarely, severe prolapse with the leaflet tip bulging into the LA causing severe MR can also occur without chord rupture.2 The flow direction impacting the mitral leaflets and anatomical features of the leaflets in patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) may facilitate chord rupture. Rupture of the chord or papillary muscle is the major cause of acute severe MR due to mitral leaflet flail. Flail mitral leaflet is associated with significant risk of developing left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, atrial fibrillation, pulmonary hypertension, tricuspid regurgitation (TR), heart failure, and sudden death.1–3