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INTRODUCTION

Cardiothoracic surgery has evolved significantly since its emergence in the mid-20th century, driven by innovations such as the development of cardiopulmonary bypass, valve replacements and coronary artery bypass grafting. Over the decades, advancements in surgical techniques, myocardial protection and postoperative care dramatically reduced mortality rates, making complex procedures routine and lifesaving. Today, innovations continue to reshape the field, with endovascular techniques, mechanical circulatory support systems and robotic-assisted surgeries improving patient outcomes. This paper explores the current landscape of cardiothoracic surgery, highlighting how disruptive technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), synthetic biology, nanotechnology and robotics are poised to further revolutionize the field. While AI offers enhanced precision and personalized care, synthetic biology presents breakthroughs in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Nanotechnology improves drug delivery and diagnostic tools, while quantum physics applications advance imaging and diagnostics. However, barriers such as the European Medical Device Regulation hinder innovation, delaying patient access to cutting-edge therapies. The European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) is actively addressing these challenges through initiatives like Innovation Summits and the establishment of the EACTS Innovation Hub, designed to foster collaboration and accelerate technological adoption. Looking ahead, advancements in extracorporeal circulation, valve durability and perioperative cellular protection are crucial to reducing morbidity and enhancing recovery. By integrating emerging scientific innovations into clinical practice, cardiothoracic surgery is set to enter a transformative era, improving patient outcomes and expanding treatment possibilities for previously untreatable conditions.

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Editorial
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