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Dieter Frans Dauwe, Dieter Nuyens, Stijn De Buck, Piet Claus, Olivier Gheysens, Michel Koole, Walter Coudyzer, Nina Vanden Driessche, Laurens Janssens, Joris Ector, Steven Dymarkowski, Jan Bogaert, Hein Heidbuchel, Stefan Janssens, Three-dimensional rotational angiography fused with multimodal imaging modalities for targeted endomyocardial injections in the ischaemic heart, European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging, Volume 15, Issue 8, August 2014, Pages 900–907, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jeu019
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Abstract
Biological therapies for ischaemic heart disease require efficient, safe, and affordable intramyocardial delivery. Integration of multiple imaging modalities within the fluoroscopy framework can provide valuable information to guide these procedures. We compared an anatomo-electric method (LARCA) with a non-fluoroscopic electromechanical mapping system (NOGA®). LARCA integrates selective three-dimensional-rotational angiograms with biplane fluoroscopy. To identify the infarct region, we studied LARCA-fusion with pre-procedural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), dedicated CT, or 18F-FDG-PET/CT.
We induced myocardial infarction in 20 pigs by 90-min LAD occlusion. Six weeks later, we compared peri-infarct delivery accuracy of coloured fluospheres using sequential NOGA®- and LARCA-MRI-guided vs. LARCA-CT- and LARCA-18F-FDG-PET/CT-guided intramyocardial injections. MRI after 6 weeks revealed significant left ventricular (LV) functional impairment and remodelling (LVEF 31 ± 3%, LVEDV 178 ± 15 mL, infarct size 17 ± 2% LV mass). During NOGA®-procedures, three of five animals required DC-shock for major ventricular arrhythmias vs. one of ten during LARCA-procedures. Online procedure time was shorter for LARCA than NOGA® (77 ± 6 vs. 130 ± 3 min, P < 0.0001). Absolute distance of injection spots to the infarct border was similar for LARCA-MRI (4.8 ± 0.5 mm) and NOGA® (5.4 ± 0.5 mm). LARCA-CT-integration allowed closer approximation of the targeted border zone than LARCA–PET (4.0 ± 0.5 mm vs. 6.2 ± 0.6 mm, P < 0.05).
Three-dimensional -rotational angiography fused with multimodal imaging offers a new, cost-effective, and safe strategy to guide intramyocardial injections. Endoventricular procedure times and arrhythmias compare favourably to NOGA®, without compromising injection accuracy. LARCA-based fusion imaging is a promising enabling technology for cardiac biological therapies.
- angiogram
- cardiac arrhythmia
- myocardial infarction
- ischemia
- left ventricular ejection fraction
- myocardial ischemia
- magnetic resonance imaging
- fluorodeoxyglucose f18
- left ventricle
- cost effectiveness
- biological therapy
- fluoroscopy
- infarction
- shock
- suidae
- diagnostic imaging
- heart
- ventricular arrhythmia
- left ventricular end diastolic volume
- functional impairment
- tissue approximation
- multimodal imaging