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Emerson, Webster, and the Age of Oratory Emerson, Webster, and the Age of Oratory
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Speaking as an Indian Speaking as an Indian
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Notes Notes
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10 Speaking for “the Indian”
Get accessDrew Lopenzina, Professor, Department of English, Old Dominion University
Laura L. Mielke, Dean’s Professor, Department of English, University of Kansas
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Published:18 July 2024
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Abstract
In 1838 Emerson wrote feelingly on behalf of the Cherokee in regard to their forced removal, and yet his rhetorical construction of Indigenous identity typically remained locked in denigrating modes of expression, contributing to an ongoing literary violence being done toward Native people in an era that plotted no future for Indigenous civilization. In an 1835 address celebrating Concord’s bicentennial, Emerson insists, “No man spake for the Indian,” but also concluding, “Alas! For them—their day is o’er.” Just one year later, however, William Apess, a Pequot activist, author, and ordained Methodist minister, delivers his Eulogy on King Philip, in which he speaks “for the Indian” and “as an Indian,” envisioning a role for Native peoples on the national stage. Reading forward from this pairing, the essay interrogates Emerson’s ability to “speak for the Indian” and his inability to imagine Indigenous presence in his subsequent writings.
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