
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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Fans’ Hate Songs Fans’ Hate Songs
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The Aim of the Current Study The Aim of the Current Study
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Method Method
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Research Approach Research Approach
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Participants Participants
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Procedure Procedure
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Data Collection and Analysis Data Collection and Analysis
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Findings Findings
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A Battlefield Saturated with Hatred A Battlefield Saturated with Hatred
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The Stadium as a Legitimate Arena for Venting Aggression The Stadium as a Legitimate Arena for Venting Aggression
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Attacking the Rival Fans Attacking the Rival Fans
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Attacking the Players of the Rival Team Attacking the Players of the Rival Team
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Fostering and Maintaining Hatred Fostering and Maintaining Hatred
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Transmitting Hatred from “Father to Son” Transmitting Hatred from “Father to Son”
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Politics and Nationalism as Platforms for Racism and Anti-Arab Sentiments Politics and Nationalism as Platforms for Racism and Anti-Arab Sentiments
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Projecting Blame and Minimizing Harm Projecting Blame and Minimizing Harm
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Discussion Discussion
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Hegemonic Masculinity Hegemonic Masculinity
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Behavior Transformation Behavior Transformation
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Intergenerational Transmission of Hatred Intergenerational Transmission of Hatred
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Racism and Dehumanization Racism and Dehumanization
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Techniques of Neutralization Techniques of Neutralization
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Limitations and Future Research Limitations and Future Research
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Conclusion: The Entrapping Loop of Hatred Conclusion: The Entrapping Loop of Hatred
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References References
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45 Community Singing, the Church of England, and Spirituality: The Singer, the Song, and the Singing
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42 The Role of Hate Songs among Israeli Maccabi Tel Aviv Football Fans: The Entrapping Loop of Hatred
Get accessMoshe Bensimon is an Associated Professor from the Department of Criminology at Bar-Ilan University, Israel. As a criminologist, victimologist, and music therapist, his fields of research include music therapy with people coping with trauma and PTSD, music/music therapy in prisons, and aggression, crime, and music. In his current research projects, he explores the complex potential of music to both support and endanger individuals coping with substance use disorders, and the effectiveness of group music therapy for women coping with sexual abuse.
Shiran Hen has a master’s degree in Rehabilitative Criminology from Bar-Ilan University. Fascinated by the intense passion of football (soccer) fans, Shiran chose to focus her thesis on this area. Today, Shiran is working in Enosh—The Israeli Mental Health Association. She is managing a mental health recovery center in the community. At the center, Shiran creates and manages rehabilitation plans, pro-recovery interventions for community members, and staff empowerment activities.
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Published:22 May 2024
Cite
Abstract
Chants add color and atmosphere to football (aka US soccer) games and constitute an integral part of the spectator experience. However, chanting cheers for a favorite football team and fans or hate songs against opposing teams and fans may play a more significant role in the football scene than providing mere entertainment. The current phenomenological study focuses on the perception, meaning, and mechanisms of hate songs in football games as seen through the eyes of nine Israeli football fans. Analysis of semi-structured interviews shows that, while in the stadium, participants identified with the atmosphere of hegemonic masculinity that emphasized chauvinism and patrilineal transmission (“father-to-son”) of racist views and dehumanization of rival fans and players. Participants rationalized the collective values expressed in the hate songs by applying techniques to neutralize their feelings of guilt. The findings point to intergenerational transmission of actual hatred through hate songs, whereby fathers serve as role models for continuing this legacy. Finally, the chapter’s original conception, the entrapping loop of hatred, reflects the mechanisms involved in creating hatred that is passed down from one generation to the next.
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