
Contents
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Identifying Positive Sanctions Identifying Positive Sanctions
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Solving the Puzzle of Economic Statecraft Solving the Puzzle of Economic Statecraft
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Cognition and Culture Cognition and Culture
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Flexibility Flexibility
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Targeting Targeting
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Observability Observability
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Foreign Aid: An Example of Positive Sanctions? Foreign Aid: An Example of Positive Sanctions?
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Next Steps Next Steps
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Notes Notes
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References References
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22 Positive Sanctions, Incentives, and Foreign Policy
Get accessTimothy M. Peterson is an Associate Professor in the School of Politics and Global Studies at Arizona State University. His research examines the causes and consequences of US foreign policy, with a focus on the third-party deterrent effect of US sanctions. He also examines the links between commerce and armed conflict, as well as the implications of variation in democratic institutions for a variety of political and economic outcomes. His work has been published in journals including International Studies Quarterly, British Journal of Political Science, Journal of Conflict Resolution, and Journal of Peace Research.
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Published:22 February 2024
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Abstract
Although a large literature examines the causes and consequences of punitive economic sanctions, scholars pay less attention to positive sanctions—i.e., rewards or inducements to change behaviour. Given that positive sanctions appear, at least at first glance, to hold several advantages over punishments as a foreign policy tool, this chapter explores potential explanations for the relative dominance of research on negative sanctions. An analysis of the literature suggests that, while it is possible that negative sanctions are used more commonly, it is at least as likely that research patterns follow from the fact that punishments (and threats thereof) are easier to observe. Furthermore, the study of the causes and consequences of foreign aid, while open to a positive sanctions approach, commonly proceeds using other theoretical lenses.
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