
Contents
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15.1 Introduction 15.1 Introduction
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15.2 Phonetics and phonology 15.2 Phonetics and phonology
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15.2.1 Segmental units 15.2.1 Segmental units
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15.2.2 Phonotactic constraints 15.2.2 Phonotactic constraints
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15.2.3 Suprasegmental units 15.2.3 Suprasegmental units
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15.2.4 Official orthography 15.2.4 Official orthography
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15.2.5 Morphophonological processes 15.2.5 Morphophonological processes
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15.2.6 Major segmental sandhi phenomena across words 15.2.6 Major segmental sandhi phenomena across words
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15.2.7 Major tonal sandhi phenomena 15.2.7 Major tonal sandhi phenomena
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15.3 Word classes 15.3 Word classes
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15.4 Verbal morphology 15.4 Verbal morphology
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15.4.1 Simple and derived verbs 15.4.1 Simple and derived verbs
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15.4.1.1 Non-valency changing derivation 15.4.1.1 Non-valency changing derivation
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15.4.1.2 Valency-changing derivation 15.4.1.2 Valency-changing derivation
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15.4.1.3 Denominal and de-adjectival verbs 15.4.1.3 Denominal and de-adjectival verbs
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15.4.1.4 Multiple derivation, verbal compounds, and multi-word expressions 15.4.1.4 Multiple derivation, verbal compounds, and multi-word expressions
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15.4.2 Verbal inflection 15.4.2 Verbal inflection
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15.4.2.1 Agreement 15.4.2.1 Agreement
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15.4.2.2 Tense and aspect 15.4.2.2 Tense and aspect
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15.4.2.3 Mood 15.4.2.3 Mood
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15.4.2.4 Polarity 15.4.2.4 Polarity
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15.5 Nominal morphology 15.5 Nominal morphology
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15.5.1 Derived and compound nouns 15.5.1 Derived and compound nouns
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15.5.2 Nominal inflection 15.5.2 Nominal inflection
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15.5.2.1 Gender 15.5.2.1 Gender
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15.5.2.2 Number 15.5.2.2 Number
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15.5.2.3 Case 15.5.2.3 Case
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15.6 Morphology of other word classes 15.6 Morphology of other word classes
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15.6.1 Adjectives 15.6.1 Adjectives
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15.6.2 Personal, reflexive, and reciprocal pronouns 15.6.2 Personal, reflexive, and reciprocal pronouns
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15.6.3 Interrogatives 15.6.3 Interrogatives
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15.6.4 Determiners 15.6.4 Determiners
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15.6.5 Numerals and other quantifiers 15.6.5 Numerals and other quantifiers
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15.7 Simple sentences 15.7 Simple sentences
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15.7.1 Declarative affirmative clauses 15.7.1 Declarative affirmative clauses
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15.7.2 Questions 15.7.2 Questions
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15.8 Coordination, co-subordination, and subordination 15.8 Coordination, co-subordination, and subordination
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15.8.1 Coordination of phrases and clauses 15.8.1 Coordination of phrases and clauses
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15.8.2 Co-subordination and verb sequences 15.8.2 Co-subordination and verb sequences
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15.8.3 Subordination 15.8.3 Subordination
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15.8.3.1 Relative clauses 15.8.3.1 Relative clauses
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15.8.3.2 Complement clauses, direct, and indirect speech 15.8.3.2 Complement clauses, direct, and indirect speech
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15.8.3.3 Conditional clauses and major types of adverbial clauses 15.8.3.3 Conditional clauses and major types of adverbial clauses
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15.9 Pragmatics 15.9 Pragmatics
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15.9.1 Focus 15.9.1 Focus
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15.9.2 Definiteness 15.9.2 Definiteness
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15.10 Other syntactic issues 15.10 Other syntactic issues
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15.10.1 Agreement 15.10.1 Agreement
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15.10.2 Phrasal case marking 15.10.2 Phrasal case marking
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15 Oromo
Get accessGiorgio Banti has been a professor at the University of Naples “L’Orientale” from 1997 to 2019, and has now been declared Emeritus Professor. He taught General and Historical Linguistics and, since 2009, also Somali Language and Literature. From 2014 to 2019 he was the Vice President of his university. He is now member of the Board of Directors of the ISMEO - International Association for Mediterranean and Oriental Studies. His main topics of research are linguistics, literature, and culture of Somali, Oromo, Saaho, and Nara, Old Harari linguistics and literature, Cushitic and Afroasiatic historical linguistics, theory of historical linguistics, language typology, theory of information structure, ethnolinguistics, comparative poetry, history of the Ajami writing systems in Africa, theory of oral literatures, development of literacy for unwritten languages, and language development. He is the author of several entries on Somali, Oromo, Saaho, and oral literature in the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica as well as of about 100 contributions in various journals and books. Since 1978 he has collaborated with the Italian project of Somali lexicography and linguistics for several years. Later he has been working together with Moreno and Roberta Vergari, and Gianni Dore at the project Atlas of the Traditional Material Culture of the Saaho.
Shimelis Mazengia is Assistant Professor of Linguistics at Addis Ababa University. His main interests are historical linguistics, typological/comparative linguistics and descriptive linguistics, focusing on Cushitic and Semitic languages. He obtained his PhD from Addis Ababa University with a dissertation on Nominalization via Verbal Derivation: Amharic, Tigrinya and Oromo (2015). Currently, he is a member of the Amharic Commission of ACALAN (African Academy of Languages –African Union Commission). He was managing editor of Bulletin of Ethiopian Philology and is chief-editor of Bulletin of the Department of Linguistics and Philology. He has produced college manuals for teaching linguistics in Amharic.
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Published:22 May 2023
Cite
Abstract
This chapter is devoted to Oromo, the Cushitic language with the highest number of speakers, which is also used as a second language in several areas of Ethiopia. After an introductory section on its history, sociolinguistics, dialectology and a brief survey of previous research, several aspects of its phonetics and phonology are discussed, also taking into account dialect variation. After a discussion of the official orthography of Oromo, and segmental and tonal sandhi, verbal and nominal morphology are analyzed, and other word classes such as adjectives, interrogatives and quantifiers are discussed. Then derivational morphology and compounds are surveyed. Furthermore, the structure of declarative and interrogative simple sentences, as well as coordination, co-subordination, and subordination are surveyed. After the discussion of focus phenomena and definiteness, agreement and phrasal case marking are surveyed in the final section.
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