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Defining Sex, Gender, and Sexual Orientation Defining Sex, Gender, and Sexual Orientation
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Defining Sex Defining Sex
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Defining Sexual Orientation Defining Sexual Orientation
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Defining Gender Defining Gender
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Prevalence of Different Sexual Orientations Prevalence of Different Sexual Orientations
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Prevalence across Industrialized Nations Prevalence across Industrialized Nations
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Prevalence across Nonindustrialized Societies Prevalence across Nonindustrialized Societies
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Variations across Ecological and Cultural Factors Variations across Ecological and Cultural Factors
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Sexual Orientation Similarities and Differences in Sociosexuality Sexual Orientation Similarities and Differences in Sociosexuality
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Sexual Orientation Differences in Sociosexuality among Men Sexual Orientation Differences in Sociosexuality among Men
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Sociosexual Attitudes, Desires, and Behavior among Women Sociosexual Attitudes, Desires, and Behavior among Women
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Preferences for Physical Traits in Mates Preferences for Physical Traits in Mates
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The Importance of Physical Attraction The Importance of Physical Attraction
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Preferences for Sexual Dimorphic Traits Preferences for Sexual Dimorphic Traits
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Muscularity and Masculinity Muscularity and Masculinity
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Body Fat Level and Waist-to-Hip Ratio Body Fat Level and Waist-to-Hip Ratio
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Preferences for Faces Preferences for Faces
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Preferences for Height Preferences for Height
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Preferences for Voice Preferences for Voice
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Age Preferences Age Preferences
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Preferences for Status and Other Traits Preferences for Status and Other Traits
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Tops, Bottoms, Versatiles, Butches, and Femmes Tops, Bottoms, Versatiles, Butches, and Femmes
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Evolutionary Theories Evolutionary Theories
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Adaptive Explanations Adaptive Explanations
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Kin Selection Theory Kin Selection Theory
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Affiliations, Alliance, and Alloparenting Affiliations, Alliance, and Alloparenting
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By-product Theories By-product Theories
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Fecundity Fecundity
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Life History Theory Life History Theory
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Concluding Comments Concluding Comments
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Acknowledgments Acknowledgments
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References References
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12 Mating Strategy Variation by Sexual Orientation
Get accessDavid A. Frederick, Ph.D., Chapman University
Jenna C. Alley, Ph.D., University of California, Los Angeles
Scott W. Semenyna, Ph.D., Stetson University
Justin R. Garcia, Ph.D., Indiana University
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Published:26 January 2023
Cite
Abstract
There is tremendous variety in the sexual behaviors and mating strategies observable across individuals, genders, cultures, populations, and ecologies. One critically important variation in mating strategies among human and nonhuman animals is the extent to which they are interested in engaging in same-sex sexual behaviors and relationships. Same-sex sexual behavior has been observed in many species of mammals, including primates. Here, we focus primarily on sexual orientation and mating in humans. Specifically, we review different ways to conceptualize sex, gender, and sexual orientation and the widespread examples of same-sex sexual orientations and behaviors seen across cultures and across history. We then turn to the associations of sexual orientation to different mating behaviors and preferences, including sociosexuality and consensual nonmonogamy and preferences for physical characteristics, age, and other traits such as status and income. We also highlight mating preferences often considered by LGBTQ people when seeking mates, such as masculinity or femininity of potential partners and behavioral repertoire preferences (e.g., insertive or receptive sexual partners). Finally, we examine some of the evolutionary perspectives that have been offered to explain same-sex sexual behavior from an adaptationist or a by-product perspective. Overall, this review highlights the importance of considering the environmental, social, ecological, and evolutionary factors that concomitantly impact sexual orientation and the mating strategies of people across diverse LGBTQ identities.
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