
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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Theorizing State Capitalism in Sub-Saharan Africa Theorizing State Capitalism in Sub-Saharan Africa
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State Capitalism and European Colonial Rule State Capitalism and European Colonial Rule
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State Capitalism: The Era of Marxist-Leninism and ISI State Capitalism: The Era of Marxist-Leninism and ISI
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African State Capitalism in the Neoliberal Era African State Capitalism in the Neoliberal Era
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South Africa South Africa
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Southern Rhodesia/Zimbabwe Southern Rhodesia/Zimbabwe
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Conclusions: Class Formation, State Power, and State Type Conclusions: Class Formation, State Power, and State Type
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References References
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24 State Capitalism in Sub-Saharan Africa
Get accessLucien van der Walt is Professor of Economic and Industrial Sociology, and Director of the Neil Aggett Labour Studies Unit (NALSU), at Rhodes University, South Africa. He has published widely on labour, the left and political economy and is involved in workers’ and union education. His books include Anarchism and Syndicalism in the Colonial and Postcolonial World, 1870–1940: The Praxis of National Liberation, Internationalism, and Social Revolution (Brill, 2010), with Steve Hirsch, Negro e Vermelho: Anarquismo, Sindicalismo Revolucionário e Pessoas de Cor na África Meridional nas Décadas de 1880 a 1920 (Editora Faísca, 2014) and Politics at a Distance from the State: Radical and African Perspectives (Routledge, 2018), with Kirk Helliker.
Gilton Klerck is an Associate Professor of Economic and Industrial Sociology, and Head of Department, Sociology and Industrial Sociology at Rhodes University, South Africa. He is also an advocate of the High Court and an editorial board member of local and international employee relations and human resource management journals. Gilton’s research interests are centred around employee relations and labour law, and he has published on topics in these areas, both locally and internationally. His most recent publications include Employment relations in South Africa, with J. Maree and A. Benya, in Bamber, G.J., Cooke, F.L. Doellgast, V. and Wright, C.F. (eds.), International and Comparative Employment Relations: Global Crises and Institutional Responses (2021, SAGE Publications); and Neoliberalisation and regulatory restructuring in South African’s commercial agriculture, in F. Mazwi, G. Mudimu and K. Helliker (eds.), Capital Penetration and the Peasantry in Africa: Neoliberal Restructuring. (2022, Springer).
Kirk Helliker is a post-retirement Research Professor in the Department of Sociology at Rhodes University in Makhanda, South Africa. He is the Founder and Head of the Unit of Zimbabwean Studies in the Department of Sociology. He focuses on the supervision of PhD students, mainly on Zimbabwean topics, and he has published widely about Zimbabwean history and society. His two most recent books are: co-editor of Livelihoods of Ethnic Minorities in Rural Zimbabwe (2022) and co-editor of Capital Penetration and the Peasantry in Africa: Neoliberal Restructuring (2022), both published by Springer.
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Published:19 December 2022
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Abstract
Historical and contemporary analyses of state capitalism have largely by-passed Sub-Saharan Africa in that state capitalism, as a conceptual framework, has generally been absent from analyses of the region, and experiences in the region have generally been absent in discussions of, and theory-building about, state capitalism. This chapter helps redress the situation, by examining African cases, with a focus on the period from the late nineteenth century to the present, covering the modern European colonial, early post-independence, and contemporary, neoliberal periods. An examination of African experiences suggests the need to rethink standard typologies of state capitalism, to embrace, inter alia, colonial capitalism—including étatiste-peasant regimes, and regimes of competitive exploitation—and militarized forms of state capitalism—such as those seen under colonial charter companies, and more recently, under predatory independent states. African experiences underline that there is no simple sequence of types, as some older forms recur later, and there are overlaps and coexistences of types. Finally, attention to African variants of some better-known types—for example, racialized forms of import-substitution industrialization under apartheid—enrich existing typologies. It is important, therefore, to take account of the great variation in African state forms, capacities, class structures, and political economies when considering regional patterns and making international comparisons.
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