
Contents
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I. The Constitutionalization of Affirmative Action and its Side Effects I. The Constitutionalization of Affirmative Action and its Side Effects
-
1. Affirmative Action for Politically Dominant Yet Economically Disadvantaged Groups: Malaysia and South Africa 1. Affirmative Action for Politically Dominant Yet Economically Disadvantaged Groups: Malaysia and South Africa
-
2. Identifying the Disadvantaged: The Indian Dilemma 2. Identifying the Disadvantaged: The Indian Dilemma
-
-
II. The Non-Constitutionalization of Affirmative Action and its Side Effects II. The Non-Constitutionalization of Affirmative Action and its Side Effects
-
1. The Soft, Gender-Focused, ‘Discrimination-Blocking’ EU Affirmative Action Model 1. The Soft, Gender-Focused, ‘Discrimination-Blocking’ EU Affirmative Action Model
-
2. A Pattern of Diversion: The (Exceptional) US Affirmative Action Regime 2. A Pattern of Diversion: The (Exceptional) US Affirmative Action Regime
-
-
III. Conclusion III. Conclusion
-
Bibliography Bibliography
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
54 Affirmative Action
Get accessDaniel Sabbagh is Senior Research Fellow at Sciences Po, Centre d’études et de recherches internationales (CERI)
-
Published:21 November 2012
Cite
Extract
Broadly defined, ‘affirmative action’ encompasses any measure that allocates goods—such as admission into selective universities or professional schools, jobs, promotions, public contracts, business loans, and rights to buy, sell, or use land and other natural resources—through a process that takes into account individual membership in designated groups, for the purpose of increasing the proportion of members of those groups in the relevant labor force, entrepreneurial class, or student population, where they are currently underrepresented as a result of past oppression by state authorities and/or present societal discrimination. ‘Unlike traditional welfare policies grounded in distributional equity, affirmative action takes its moral force from a corrective justice ideal’:1-2 it targets a specific type of disadvantage arising from the illegitimate use of a morally irrelevant characteristic of individuals in the allocation of scarce resources. However, these measures, which may result from constitutional mandates, statutes, administrative regulations, court orders, or voluntary initiatives, go beyond antidiscrimination policy strictly conceived, insofar as they do not require evidence of discrimination on an individual basis. Their ultimate goal is to counter deeply entrenched social practices that reproduce group inequality even in the absence of intentional discrimination, by producing positive externalities beyond their individual recipients. As a general matter, they benefit groups ‘with whose position and esteem in society the affiliated individual may be inextricably involved’.3
Sign in
Personal account
- Sign in with email/username & password
- Get email alerts
- Save searches
- Purchase content
- Activate your purchase/trial code
- Add your ORCID iD
Purchase
Our books are available by subscription or purchase to libraries and institutions.
Purchasing informationMonth: | Total Views: |
---|---|
October 2022 | 4 |
November 2022 | 9 |
December 2022 | 6 |
January 2023 | 2 |
February 2023 | 2 |
March 2023 | 3 |
April 2023 | 8 |
May 2023 | 5 |
June 2023 | 6 |
July 2023 | 7 |
August 2023 | 17 |
September 2023 | 12 |
October 2023 | 9 |
November 2023 | 1 |
December 2023 | 3 |
January 2024 | 2 |
February 2024 | 4 |
March 2024 | 8 |
April 2024 | 2 |
May 2024 | 4 |
June 2024 | 9 |
July 2024 | 9 |
August 2024 | 12 |
September 2024 | 14 |
October 2024 | 13 |
November 2024 | 1 |
December 2024 | 16 |
January 2025 | 5 |
February 2025 | 5 |
March 2025 | 8 |
April 2025 | 5 |
Get help with access
Institutional access
Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways:
IP based access
Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account.
Sign in through your institution
Choose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Shibboleth/Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institution’s website and Oxford Academic.
If your institution is not listed or you cannot sign in to your institution’s website, please contact your librarian or administrator.
Sign in with a library card
Enter your library card number to sign in. If you cannot sign in, please contact your librarian.
Society Members
Society member access to a journal is achieved in one of the following ways:
Sign in through society site
Many societies offer single sign-on between the society website and Oxford Academic. If you see ‘Sign in through society site’ in the sign in pane within a journal:
If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society.
Sign in using a personal account
Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. See below.
Personal account
A personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions.
Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members.
Viewing your signed in accounts
Click the account icon in the top right to:
Signed in but can't access content
Oxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian.
Institutional account management
For librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more.