
Contents
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1. Introduction 1. Introduction
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2. African Development on the Eve of the Scramble 2. African Development on the Eve of the Scramble
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3. Patterns of Development during and after Colonialism 3. Patterns of Development during and after Colonialism
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4. Mechanisms 4. Mechanisms
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5. The Balance of the Evidence 5. The Balance of the Evidence
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6. Conclusions 6. Conclusions
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Acknowledgments Acknowledgments
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Notes Notes
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References References
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16 Colonialism and Development in Africa
Get accessLeander Heldring Harvard University
James A. Robinson is Professor of Government at Harvard University.
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Published:05 April 2017
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Abstract
In this article, we evaluate the impact of colonialism on development in sub-Saharan Africa. In the world context, colonialism had very heterogeneous effects, operating through many mechanisms—sometimes encouraging development, sometimes retarding it. In the African case, however, this heterogeneity is muted, making an assessment of the average effect more interesting. To draw conclusions, it is necessary to know not just what actually happened to development during the colonial period but also what might have happened without colonialism and its legacy. In light of plausible counterfactuals, colonialism probably had a uniformly negative effect on development in Africa. To develop this claim, we distinguish between three sorts of colonies, each with a distinct performance within the cultural period, different counterfactuals, and varied legacies.
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