The Oxford Handbook of American Indian History
Published online:
07 April 2016
Published in print:
01 May 2016
Online ISBN:
9780199983162
Print ISBN:
9780199858897
Contents
End Matter
Index
-
Published:April 2016
Annotate
Cite
'Index', in Frederick E. Hoxie (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of American Indian History, Oxford Handbooks (2016; online edn, Oxford Academic, 7 Apr. 2016), https://doi.org/, accessed 11 May 2025.
Subject
History
Series
Oxford Handbooks
Collection:
Oxford Handbooks Online
Index
- Aboriginal Peoples Television Network582
- Ackerman, Lillian257
- acorns279–80
- Act for the Government and Protection of Indians (California)286–87
- Act for the Relief of Mission Indians289
- activism. See politics and activism
- Adams, Evan146
- Adams, Richard519
- Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl166–67n21
- African Americans4, 324
- immigrants in New Mexico68–69
- intellectual history523
- political collaboration with Native Americans133–34
- agency246–48
- Age of the Marvelous, The477
- Ahvakana, Larry (Inupiaq)464
- AIM. See American Indian Movement (AIM)
- Akwesasne Cultural Center486
- Akwesasne Notes517
- Alaska. See also Pacific Northwest region
- ancient history301–3
- National Interest Lands Conservation Act of311
- Native Claims Settlement Act of310–11
- Natives today311–12
- Russian era303–5
- sale of305–8
- statehood309–10
- Statehood Act of309–10
- threats to subsistence hunting and fishing lifestyle in308–10
- Alaska Native Brotherhood310
- Alchon, Suzanne422
- Aldred, Lisa441
- Alfred, Taiaiake517
- Allen, Paula Gunn137
- All Tribes American Indian Center191
- American Antiquarian Society Museum480
- American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions259
- American Horse, Ben (Oglala)453
- American Indian Child Welfare Act142
- American Indian College Fund161
- American Indian Contemporary Arts (AICA)461–62
- American Indian Culture and Research Journal6
- American Indian Higher Education Consortium156
- American Indian Historical Society136
- American Indian history
- academic programs6
- journals6
- new knowledge in6–10
- new questions in10–13
- scholarly debates and1–2
- American Indian Intellectuals513–14
- American Indian Magazine117
- American Indian Movement (AIM)134–35, 138, 139, 140, 248, 355
- Great Lakes region and191–92
- urbanization and557–58
- American Indian Policy Review Commission142
- American Indian Quarterly6
- American Indians and Popular Culture585
- American Indian Science and Engineering Society161
- American Philosophical Society479
- Amerindian Rebirth448
- Anderson, David29
- Anderson, Marge192
- And Grandma Said: Iroquois Teachings517
- Andros, Edmund344–45
- Anglo-Powhatan Wars323
- Anthes, Bill458
- anticommunism121–22
- Antonio, Juan286
- Arapaho81
- Arapahoe Politics248
- archaeology17–18. See also pre-Columbian Native societies
- of the Atlantic Northeast335–39
- cultural stability and cultural change issues in20–21
- culture areas in23–24
- ecological-functionalist paradigm19–20
- European colonialism impact on20
- of gender406–7
- historic versus prehistoric18
- postprocessual21–22
- processual21–22
- of the South317
- Archaeology of the Cosmos, An33
- Archuleta, Elizabeth (Yaqui)462
- Archuleta, Margaret (Tewa)458–59
- Arizona Republic469
- Army Corps of Engineers, US Army266
- art, Native453–54
- capitalism and507
- changing Native culture and465
- early history456–57
- education463–64
- federal power and461–62
- future of469–70
- on global scale469
- late 20th century465–68
- performance466
- photography in467–68
- preservation economics459–61
- Red Power movement and464
- since the462–65
- Articles of Agreement of346
- Artifact Piece, The466
- Art Institute of Chicago457
- artists and performers, Native American137, 585
- Dick West458
- film industry and145–46
- James Luna466
- R. Gary Miller489–90
- social media and157–58
- Art News469
- Ashmolean Museum477
- Asian Americans4
- Atanarjuat582
- Athabaskan Fiddle Festival158
- Atlantic Northeast region
- emergence of335–39
- empires, immigrants, and Native peoples, 1670s–1750s344–49
- immigration of Native Americans to354
- invasions339–44
- peoples and empire in upheaval, 1750s–1780s349–52
- resisting “disappearance,” 1780s–1880s352–53
- seizing Native history, 1960s–present355–56
- visible Indians, 1880s–1960s353–55
- Atomic Energy Commission (AEC)308
- Authentic Indians: Episodes of Encounter from the Late- Nineteenth- Century Northwest Coast407
- “Avatars, The,”584
- Bacci, Massimo Livi422
- Bacon, Francis478
- Bacon’s Rebellion344
- Bad Bear, Howard (Oglala)453
- Bad Heart Bull, Wesley139
- Baird, Jessie Little Doe530
- Baker, Eugene103
- Bancroft, Hubert Howe277
- band societies29
- Bannock of Idaho, The392
- Banyaca, Thomas (Hopi)163
- Barber, Katrine266
- Barbour, George287
- Bartow, Rick (Wiyot)465
- Bartram, John204
- Battle of Fallen Timbers84
- Battle of Greasy Grass103
- Battle of the Thames of85
- Bauer, William J.407–8
- Beach, Adam146
- Beale, Edward F.287–88
- Bear Hunter (Shoshone)386
- Bear River Massacre385
- Beaulieu, David186
- Beaver Wars204
- Beckham, Stephen Dow254
- Bedard, Irene146
- Begay, Api (Diné)457
- Being Comanche248
- Bellcourt, Clyde191
- Benson, Robby130
- Benton-Benai, Eddie191
- Bering Strait279
- Berlo, Janet456
- Bernstein, Bruce457
- Beyond the Frontier: Exploring the Indian Country362
- Bigfeather, Joanna Osburn (Cherokee/Mescalero Apache)463
- bilateral kinship381
- Bird-David (Nurit)435–36
- Bisonette, Gladys140
- Bitsui, Sherwin (Diné)469
- Bitter Waters of Medicine Creek, The262
- Black, Hugo548
- Blackbird, Andrew181
- Black Hawk93
- Blackhawk, Ned (Te-Moak)392
- Black Hoof (Shawnee)95
- Blackstone, Tsianina Redfeather (Creek/Cherokee)577
- Bleeding Kansas, battles of102
- Blue Eagle, Acee (Creek/Pawnee)458
- Blue Jacket (Shawnee)480
- boarding schools186–87
- Boas, Franz483
- Bolton, Herbert E.362
- Bonaparte, Darren517
- Boney, Roy (Cherokee)585
- Bonnin, Gertrude (Sioux)117
- Borrows, John399
- Boxberger, Daniel266
- Boyce, George463
- Bradford, William418
- Brainerd, David348
- Brandão, José António205
- Brando, Marlon141
- Brannum, Julianna (Comanche)585
- Brant, Elisabeth442
- Braque, Georges453
- Bridges, Valerie267
- Brightman, Lehman133
- British Columbia Treaty Commission269
- British North West Company258
- Brody, J. J.456
- Brown, Ian32
- Brown, James A.360
- Buchanan, James384–85
- Buffalo Bird Woman’s Garden249
- Bull Lodge445–46
- Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)105, 138, 389, 401
- Ada Deer and151
- in California287
- competency commissions118
- migration of Native Americans to cities encouraged by158
- museums and483
- Native art school and463
- in the Pacific Northwest263
- Rancheria Termination Act and292
- in the132
- Bureau of Land Management (BLM)389–90
- Burton, Tim583
- Bush, George W.149–50
- Byrd, Jodi583
- Cabrillo, Juan Rodriguez281–82
- Cache Creek Casino and Resort293
- Caddos62
- Cadue, Vestana123
- Cahokia318–19
- Calac, Olegario289
- California275–78, 407–8. See also Pacific Coast
- Native reclamation of land and lives, 1870–present289–94
- ranchos284–85
- reservations288
- Spanish missions281–85
- termination and291–92
- California Indian Jurisdictional Act of291
- California Institute of the Arts467
- Calusas319–20
- Canada
- Aboriginal Peoples Television Network582
- boundaries in the Pacific Northwest260
- Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms542
- “First Nations” term and269n2
- Indian Wars and264
- INDIGENA Project468
- indigenous art in468–69
- Iroquoia in210–12
- Native cultural centers in488–90
- Native groups migrations to52–53
- Native land claims in269
- Northwest Indians of254
- Plains Indians of244
- Canadian Aboriginal Music Awards158
- Canasatego (Onondaga)542
- Cannon, T. C.455
- Cardinal, Tantoo146
- Carey, Mariah577
- Carey Baptist Mission96
- Carleton, James416
- Carson, Kit228–29
- Carter, Jimmy356
- Cartesian objectivism435
- casinos, American Indian. See gaming, tribal
- Cass, Lewis605–7
- Catholic Church68–69, 259, 445–46, 449. See also Christianity; See also Jesuits, French; See also missions, California
- Catlin, George240
- Cavelier, René-Robert414
- Cayugas210–11
- Cayuse War259–60
- Cebula, Larry259
- Celluloid Indians575
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention425
- Chaco Meridian33–34
- Chaikin, Ira264
- Chain of Friendship208
- Cherokee Phoenix519
- Cherokees65
- banks and businesses118
- Confederate States of America and102
- disease and mortality of423–24
- George Washington’s letter to104
- land cessions by359–60
- slavery and604–5
- sovereignty324
- treaties with the US545–46
- US Civil War and368–71
- War of 1812 and Indian removal and94–95
- westward migration365
- Cherokee Tobacco Case548
- Cheyennes66, 67, 81
- American expansion and241–44
- horses, trade, and disease among238–41
- land of the Great Plains and237
- Chicago190–91
- Chicago American Indian Community Organizations Conference191
- Chickamauga Wars323
- Chickasaws
- Natchez attacks on64
- removal of364–65
- slave trade and62
- Thomas Nairne and57
- trade with the French59–60
- treaties326
- Chiefdoms and Other Archaeological Delusions30
- Chief Joseph93
- Chivington, John M.102
- Choctaws
- banks and businesses118
- civil war64
- enslavement of62
- origin story315
- treaties326–27
- US Civil War and369–71
- Christianity17, 65, 85, 212, 246, 449
- advocacy of Indian removal and96
- Moravian348–49
- revivalism348
- Shakers264–65
- Christian Union, The526
- Citizens Equal Rights Alliance (CERA)182
- Citizens Party249
- Civilian Conservation Corps119–20
- Civilization Fund Act of104
- civil rights movement3–4
- Clapp, Moses A.185
- Clark, William. See Lewis and Clark expedition
- Clarke, Ron129–30
- Clearwater, Frank141
- Clemmer, Richard392
- Clinton, Hillary164
- Cloud, Henry Rowe525
- Cobb, Amanda581
- Cobb, Daniel134
- Cobb, Jennie Ross (Cherokee)467
- Cobell, Elouise (Blackfeet)153
- Cobell v. Salazar153
- Cockburn, Aidan420
- Cocom Pech, Jorge Miguel531
- Codetalker, The164
- Cody, Buffalo Bill575
- Coffee, John M.120–21
- Cogewea, The Half-Blood521
- Cohen, Felix152
- Colbert, George (Chickasaw)85
- Cold War121–23
- Cole, Douglas264
- Cole, Tom150
- Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed555
- colonial period57–59, 593–96. See also European invasion and settlement period, 1500–1680; See also expansion, American, 1815–1890; See also imperial expansion era, 1763–1821
- alliances created during64–65
- Atlantic Northeast region344–52
- global producers and consumers of59–61
- Great Basin during382–83
- indigenous expansion during62–64
- Iroquois Confederacy establishment in207–10
- large-scale European settlements70
- Native economies and499–501
- Native peoples of the Atlantic Northeast during344–49
- small-scale European settlements68–70
- Southern Indians during323–24
- treaty making540–42
- colonization, internal441
- Colonization Act of284
- Colop, Sam516
- Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission268
- Colville Confederated Tribes267
- Colwell-Chanthophonh, Chip25
- Comanche Empire, The247
- Comanches66, 67, 237
- American expansion and241–44
- horses, trade, and disease among238–41
- imperial expansion and81–82
- Mexican-American War and99
- Coming of the Spirit of Pestilence, The258
- Commoner, Barry249
- Comrade in Mourning458
- Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community158
- Confederate States of America102
- Connecticut Indian Land Claims Settlement Act487
- Conner, John (Delaware)98
- Connor, Patrick Edward385
- Constitution of the Five Nations523–24
- Contested Plains, The247
- Cook, Noble David425
- Cook, Sherburne420
- Cook-Lynn, Elizabeth (Crow Creek Sioux)573–74
- Coolidge, Sherman527–28
- Cornell University6
- Coronado, Knight of Pueblos and Plains362
- “corporate socialism,”310–11
- Cortes, Hernán414
- Costo, Jeanette Henry136
- Costo, Rupert136
- court cases
- Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl166–67n21
- Cobell v. Salazar153
- Duro v. Reina144
- Federal Power Commission v. Tuscarora Indian Nation548
- Johnson v. McIntosh545
- Lyng v. Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Association144
- Oliphant v. Suquamish144
- Oneida v. Wisconsin143
- Seminole v. Butterworth143
- Standing Bear v. Crook105
- Tillie Hardwick v. the United States292
- US v. Michigan181
- US v. Washington268
- Cox, James572
- Cramer, Renée Ann580
- Creativity Is Our Tradition: Three Decades of Contemporary Indian Art464
- Creeks62, 322
- Five Nations attacks on65
- killed in battle with the United States84–85
- Reconstruction and allotment period371–75
- Crow Dog, Leonard140
- Crow Dog, Mary249
- Crum, Steven392
- Cuevas-Cob, Briceida531
- Culture Element Distribution391
- culture(s)
- archaeological25
- areas23–24
- change with collapse of indigenous economies501–3
- Great Basin380–82
- historians21
- Native art and changing Native465
- Native strategies on assimilation of European324
- popular571–74
- powwow248
- wars in the West, 1850s–1880s104–6
- Curse of Capistrano, The277
- Curtis Act326
- Cushing, Frank Hamilton221
- Cushman, Robert416
- Custer, George Armstrong139
- Dakotas182–84
- “Damn Series, The,”467
- Dangberg, Grace391
- D’Anghiera, Peter Martyr419
- Daniels, Victor576
- Dart, Anson260
- Dawes, Henry L.374
- D’Azevedo, Warren391
- Dead Man146
- De Alcarón, Hernando281
- Decade Show, The466
- Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples143
- DeCora, Angel (Ho-Chunk)525
- Deer, Phillip (Muscogee Creek)163
- de la Harpe, Bernard362
- Delaware Indian Legends519
- Delawares346–47
- Chain of Friendship and208
- Seven Years’ War and349–50
- War of 1812 and Indian removal and94–95
- William Penn and539–40
- del Valle Escalante, Emilio516
- Democratic Party149
- demography
- Atlantic Northeast353
- causes of depopulation and419–23
- competing narratives of413–15
- conclusions about European effect on Native424–26
- consequences of mortality423–24
- dynamics of mortality and418–19
- Pacific Coast80–81
- precontact415–17
- de Niza, Marcos221
- depopulation. See demography
- de Portolá, Gaspar282
- Dermer, Thomas414
- Derrida, Jacques436
- Der Spiegel20
- Determination of Rights and Unity for Menominee Shareholders (DRUMS)189
- digital sovereignty584–85
- diplomats, Native American84
- direct historical approach19
- disease45, 57–58, 340, 414–15
- Age of Imperial Expansion and82
- as cause of depopulation419–23
- competing narratives of effects of413–15
- consequences of mortality due to423–24
- dynamics of mortality from418–19
- in the Great Plains region238–41
- High Counters and Low Counters on effects of417
- on the Pacific Coast80
- in the Pacific Northwest258
- Do Campo, Andres361
- Dockstader, Frederick463
- Domestic Subjects: Gender, Citizenship, and Law in Native American Literature408
- Douglas, Stephen100
- Douthit, Nathan262
- Doxtator, Deborah489
- Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman578
- Drake, Francis282
- Dressing in Feathers: The Construction of the Indian in American Popular Culture575
- Drucker, Philip308
- Drury, Clifford259
- Du Bois, W. E. B.523
- Dugan, Joyce328
- Dunnell, Robert20
- Dürer, Albrecht478
- Durham, Jimmie (Cherokee)461–62
- Duro v. Reina144
- Dzil Nchaa Si An mountain442–43
- ecological-functionalist paradigm19–20
- economics. See also trade and exchange
- aboriginal497–99
- American Indians’ New Deal, 1920–1940 and117–20
- arts preservation459–61
- colonial period and Native499–501
- Native adaptation to capitalist506–8
- Native dependency and culture change related to501–3
- Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community and192–93
- subordination to US law and Native503–6
- tribal sovereignty and229–30
- Edgar Heap of Birds (Cheyenne)469
- education
- in Hawaii530–31
- higher156
- Mount Pleasant Indian Industrial Boarding School186–87
- Native arts463–64
- Emendatio469
- Emerson, Larry (Diné)465
- End of the Innocence, The468
- environments, natural32–34
- Erlandson, Jon279
- Escalante, Silvestre391
- Esopus Wars342
- ethnographic present19
- European invasion and settlement period, 1500–168041, 414, 591–93. See also colonial period
- Atlantic Northeast339–44
- European views of Native Americans during595
- incorporation through violence46–51
- transformation and reinvention51–53
- Everlasting Sky, The173
- Ewers, John C.250
- Exiled in the Land of the Free: Democracy, Indian Nations, and the US Constitution517
- expansion, American, 1815–189093
- California and286–87
- Civil War and western violence during101–4
- culture wars and104–6
- 1815–185494–100
- 1854–1890101–6
- Great Basin and386–88
- Great Plains region and241–43
- Kansas-Nebraska Act and100
- Mexican-American War and97–100
- treaty making and546–47
- Ex Parte Green121
- Fadden, Ray486
- Fadden, Stephen (Mohawk)461
- Family Guy, The580
- Farmer, Gary (Cayuga)146
- Farmer, Jared392
- Fast Runner582
- Favel, Floyd (Cree)466
- Favell, Rosalie (Métis)468
- Feather Pipe446
- Federal Power Commission v. Tuscarora Indian Nation548
- Fenton, William N.202
- Ferguson, T. J.25
- Ferniss, Elizabeth29
- Fields, Sherry424
- Figueroa, José284
- Fillmore, Millard287
- film industry. See television and film industry
- Finley, Judson25
- First Convocation of American Indian Scholars136
- First Organic Act of310
- First Sioux War100
- fishing rights181–82, 265–66
- in Alaska308–10
- in the Atlantic Northeast352–53
- “fish-ins” and528
- Ojibwe and397–402
- “Flight Patterns,”571
- Florida Museum of Natural History34
- Folsom, David (Choctaw)324
- Fools Crow (Lakota)250
- Fools Crow, Frank140
- forced confinement52
- Foster, Morris W.248
- Fowler, Catherine391
- Fowler, Don391
- Fowler, Loretta248
- France
- Natchez war against64
- perspective on North American “discovery,”594–96
- trade with the Quapaws59–60
- Franchimastabé (Choctaw)85
- Frank, Billy, Jr. (Nisqually)267
- Frank, Gelya291
- Freedom of Information Act155
- From Sand Creek250
- From the Heart of Crow Country: The Crow Indians’ Own Stories250
- Fryberg, Stefanie (Tulalip)578
- Furtwangler, Robert259
- Gachradodon (Cayuga)208
- Gadsden Purchase100
- Galloway, Patricia360
- gaming, tribal143–44, 153, 155, 278, 508
- cultural centers and490–91
- in the Great Lakes region192
- museums and487–88
- in the South328
- Gammoudi, Mohammed129–30
- Gardner, W. J.187
- Garra, Antonio286
- Garry, Joseph (Coeur d’Alene)122
- Garter Snake445–46
- geist436–37
- gender roles27–28, 403–9. See also women, Native
- General Allotment Act of 1887. See Dawes Act of 1887
- “Geographies of Power: Mapping Indian Borders in the ‘Borderlands’ of the Early Southwest,”247
- George, Dan (Coast Salish)571
- George-Kanentiio, Doug (Mohawk)518
- Gesta Grayorum478
- Gilroy, Paul583
- Glacier National Park248
- Godfather, The141
- Goeman, Mishauna (Tonawanda Seneca)585
- Goldberg, Carole291
- Gone, Fred445–46
- Good, Bert Orben188
- Goodfox, Julia (Pawnee)585
- Gordon, Jessica163
- Gore, Al149–50
- Goshutes379
- government, tribal. See also politics and activism
- enduring problems for159–61
- improving quality of155–58
- modern day153–55
- women in150–51
- Grand Council Fire of American Indians190
- Grant, Ulysses289
- Grattan, John100
- Great Awakening348
- Great Basin377
- contact and the changing Native382–83
- defined as a region and a culture area380–82
- Natives living in among white colonists386–88
- Native sovereignty and land388–90
- sources and scholarship391–92
- US conquest of383–86
- visions of human life in arid landscape of377–80
- Great Basin Indian Archives391
- Great Britain. See England
- Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission (GLIFWC)182
- Great Lakes region173–74, 192–93
- American Indian Movement (AIM) in191–92
- Dakota War182–84
- Dawes Act and184–86
- fur trade175–77
- fur trade families176–77
- Indian Removal Act and177–79
- Menominee Nation termination and restoration188–90
- Mount Pleasant Indian Industrial Boarding School186–87
- physical geography174
- Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community192–93
- treaties and legal battles179–88
- twentieth-century wars and187–88
- urbanization and relocation in190–93
- Great Peace of240
- Great Plains region
- horses, trade, and disease in238–41
- imperial expansion and81–83
- Indians66–67
- land235–37
- primary and literary sources on249–50
- reservations244–46
- settler colonialism and241–44
- treaty making in the West and546–47
- turn to agency in historiography of246–48
- women’s roles in405–6
- Greene, Candace S.249
- Greenwald, Emily265
- Gruening, Ernest309
- Guedel, Greg443
- Gunfighter Nation: The Myth of the Frontier in Twentieth-Century America574
- Gunnison, John W.384
- Guns, Germs, and Steel420
- Hackel, Steven283
- Haggard, Merle577
- Halbert, Henry315
- Haldane, Benjamin467
- Hämäläinen, Pekka247
- Hamm, Mia571
- Hammond, Harmony466
- Hampton School525
- Handsome Lake (Seneca)212
- Hardwick, Tillie292
- Harjo, Joy (Mvskoke)137
- Harjo, Sterlin (Seminole/Creek)585
- Harkin, Michael448
- Harmar, Josiah84
- Harris, Douglas266
- Harris, Fred249
- Harris, LaDonna (Comanche)249
- Harvard University34
- Haskell School186
- Haudenosaunee. See Iroquoia
- Hawaii530–31
- Hayes, Ira Hamilton (Pima)130
- health, Native. See disease
- Heap of Birds, Edgar (Cheyenne/Arapaho)137
- Heart is a Lonely Hunter, The571
- Heaton, John392
- Heidegger, Martin436
- Hemingway, Ernest571
- Henley, Thomas J.288
- Hernandez, Sarah160
- Hernándezx Xocoyotzin, Natalio (Nahuatl)531
- Hewett, Edgar Lee457
- Hicks, Bob (Creek/Seminole)581
- Hicks, Charles (Cherokee)84
- Highwater, James456
- Hill, Jerry (Oneida)164
- Hill, Rick (Tuscarora)465
- Hill, Sarah H.407
- historical particularism21
- historical processualism22
- historic archaeology18
- “History of Ethnological and Ethnohistorical Research,”250
- History of Oregon, A253–54
- History of the Five Indian Nations Depending on the Province of New-York in America, The199
- Hitchcock, Ethan Allen112
- Hittman, Michael391
- Ho-Chunks178
- Hoffman, Elizabeth585
- Hohokams224–27
- Hoig, Stan362
- Holder, A B.419
- Hollywood’s Indian575
- Holm, Tom (Creek/Cherokee)441
- Holt, Ronald392
- Hopis223–24
- Horn-Miller, Kahente517
- Horse, Michael (Yaqui)577–78
- Horse Capture, George P. (Gros Ventre)445–46
- House, Conrad (Diné)465
- House Made of Dawn136
- Howard, John R.185
- Howard, Oliver Otis264
- Huayna Capac414
- Hudson, Charles319
- Hudson, Henry340
- Hull, Kathleen25
- Hurtado, Albert277
- Hutchinson, Thomas416
- Idle No More movement163
- I’d Love My Mother Even If She Was Black, Brown, or White464
- Igloolik Isuma, Inc.582
- imperial expansion era, 1763–182177–79, 594
- Atlantic Northeast during349–53
- coexistence in the East during83–86
- European empires encircling North America during86–87
- Great Plains and81–83
- Pacific Coast and79–81
- Pacific Northwest region and258–61
- treaty making in543–46
- imperialist nostalgia441
- Incas414
- Independent Green Party150
- Indian Arts and Crafts Act (IACA)461
- Indian Blues: American Indians and the Politics of Music, 1879–1934576
- Indian Boyhood519
- Indian Child Welfare Act160
- Indian Council of New England, The354–55
- IndianCountryTV.com158
- Indian Health Service (IHS)425
- Indian Humor466
- Indian New Deal117–20
- Indian Peace Commission547
- Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act142
- Indian Shaker Church264–65
- Indians of All Tribes135
- Indian Subjects: Hemispheric Perspectives on the History of Indigenous Education408
- “Indians Watching Indians on TV,”578–79
- Indian Territory and Oklahoma359–60
- Five Tribes removal from363–66
- pre-Columbian and early historical period360–63
- reconstruction and allotment371–75
- removal of other tribes from366–68
- US Civil War in368–71
- in the 21st century375–76
- Indigenous Arts Action Alliance (IA3)469
- Indigenous Intellectuals524
- Infinity of Nations, An175
- influenza. See disease
- Inouye, Daniel164
- In Re: Blackbird181
- Institute of American Indian Arts (IAIA)463–64
- intellectual history, Native513–15
- activism, advocacy, and engagement in518–22
- Native networks of challenge and exchange in522–25
- sovereignty and self-determination in528–29
- US citizenship and Indian intellectuals in525–28
- intellectual property rights162
- internal colonization441
- interpreters541
- “ ‘In the City of Blinding Lights’: Indigeneity, Cultural Studies and the Errants of Colonial Nostalgia,”583
- Inupiat301–2
- Iroquoia
- Covenant Chain and351
- diplomacy in207–10
- in the era of reservations210–12
- geography199–201
- Great Law of Peace516–17
- groups199
- intellectual history517–18
- today212–13
- warfare in203–7
- William Penn and346–47
- Iroquois Confederacy48–49, 50, 199–201, 207
- Atlantic Northeast and337–39
- conscription protests121
- establishment207–10
- land lost by85
- trade52
- Irwin, Lee446
- Jackson, Zig (Mandan/Hidatsa/Arikara)467
- Jahner, Elaine A.250
- James, Frank (Wampanoag)355
- Jay Treaty of528
- Jeffrey, Julie Roy259
- Jemison, Peter (Seneca)518
- Jennings, Jesse D.391
- Jerome Commission548
- Jesuits, French204–6, 600–602. See also Catholic Church
- John, Alan309
- Johnson, Edward392
- Johnson, Pauline (Mohawk)521
- Johnson, Yvonne249
- Johnson v. McIntosh545
- Johnston, John177
- Johnston, Susan177
- Jojola, Ted (Isleta Pueblo)577–78
- Jones, Anna (Ojibwe). See Naynaabeak (Ojibwe)
- Jones, David S.321
- Jones, Dennis160
- Jones, George577
- Jones, Max (Ojibwe)397–402
- Jorgensen, Joseph256
- Josephy, Alvin, Jr.254
- Journal of American History247
- Judd, Steven Paul (Kiowa/Choctaw)585
- Justice, Daniel Heath (Cherokee)523
- Kahlo, Frida468
- Kalifornsky, Peter (Dena’ina)530
- Kansas-Nebraska Act of100
- Karp, Ivan478
- Kauffman, Claudia (Nez Perce)151
- Kaw367
- Kay, Jeanne609n5
- Kearny, Stephen Watts228
- Keeler, W. W. (Cherokee)375
- Kellogg, Laura (Oneida)524–25
- Kelly, Isabel391
- Kelm, Mary-Ellen265
- Kelsey, C. E.289
- Ke-ma-ha: The Omaha Stories of Francis La Flesche250
- Kennewick Man255
- Kenseth, Joy477
- Kerber, Jordan25
- Kickapoos123
- Kicking Bear, Frank (Miniconjou)453
- Kieft, William342
- Kieft’s War342
- Killing the Indian Maiden575
- Killoren, John259
- Kilpatrick, Jacquelyn575
- Kimball, Yeffe462
- King, Martin Luther, Jr.133–34
- King, Stephen571
- King George’s War345
- Kino, Eusibio Francisco225
- kinship systems26–27
- Kiowa-Apaches81–82
- Kiowa Humanity and the Invasion of the State248
- Kirkland, Samuel210
- Klamath158
- Klopotek, Brian408
- Kloss, Karlie573
- Kluger, Richard262
- Knox, Gus (Brule)453
- Knox, Henry543
- Krouse, Susan187
- Ku Klux Klan327
- Kunuk, Zacharias582
- labor and gender. See women, Native
- LaCourse, Richard155
- LaDonna Harris: A Comanche Life249
- LaFrance, Ron (Mohawk)518
- Lakota Myth250
- Lakotas82, 248
- American expansion and241–44
- First Sioux War100
- horses, trade, and disease among238–41
- violence against139–41
- Lakota Winter Counts at the Smithsonian249
- Lakota Woman249
- Lamont, Lawrence141
- Lancaster Treaty of208
- Land Ordinance of603
- Landrum, Cynthia574
- Langdon, Steven J.301
- Lankford, George34
- LaRoche, Paul160
- La Salle, Robert de362
- Last of the Mohicans, The519
- Lasuén, Fermín282
- Latrobe, Charles539
- Lawrence, Bonita564
- Leavitt, Mike390
- Leclerc, Georges-Louis479
- Lee, John D.385
- Lego, Raymond (Pit River)292
- Lekson, Steve33–34
- Le Mercier, François203
- Leschi (Nisqually)262–63
- Lewis, Meriwether. See Lewis and Clark expedition
- Liberty, Margot513–14
- Life among the Piutes: Their Wrongs and Claims521
- Life and Traditions of the Red Man, The354
- life expectancy425
- Lightfoot, Kent18
- Liljeblad, Sven391
- Lincoln, Abraham184
- Linderman, Frank249
- LinkedIn157
- Lippard, Lucy465
- Lipsitz, George573
- Little Crow (Dakota)183–84
- Little Feather, Sasheen141
- Locke, John593
- Loloma, Charles (Hopi)463
- Loloma, Otellie (Hopi)463
- Lomatewama, Ramson223
- Lone Wolf (Kiowa)112
- Long Walk229
- Lookaround, Angus (Menominee)577
- Lord, Erica (Inupiaq/Athabaskan)466
- Loren, Diana DiPaolo18
- Lowery, Malinda Maynor (Lumbee)328
- Lowie, Robert H.391
- Lucas, Phil (Choctaw)581
- Lugo, Leonicio (Cahuilla)290
- Lummis, Charles Fletcher485
- Lydia, or Filial Piety209
- Lyng v. Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Association144
- Mabel McKay: Weaving the Dream445
- Mack, Corbett (Paiute)387
- Madison, James359
- Madonna Swan: A Lakota Woman’s Story249
- Madsen, Brigham D.392
- Maine Indian Land Claims case443
- malaria. See disease
- Mapping the Mississippian Shatter Zone24
- Marmon, Lee (Laguna)467
- Mars Attacks!583
- Marshall, John527
- Martin, Calvin438–40
- Martin, Lee-Ann468
- Martinez, Maria (San Ildefonso)457
- Marubbio, M. Elise575
- Marx, Karl436
- Mashantucket Pequot Museum and Research Center487
- Mashpees86
- Massasoit (Wampanoag)341
- Material Christianity444
- Mattaponis86
- Maulson, Tom161
- Maximilian, Alexander Philip416
- McAdam, Sylvia163
- McCoy, Isaac96
- McCullers, Carson571
- McCulley, Johnston277
- McCulloch, Ben369
- McDaniel, Santiago288–89
- McDannell, Colleen444
- McGarry, Edward385
- McKee, Redick287
- McKinney, Whitney392
- McLean, John326
- McLean, Sheelah163
- McMaster, Gerald (Cree)468
- McPherson, Robert S.392
- Means, Walter (Lakota)133
- Medicine Crow, Joseph (Crow)250
- Medicine Mounds237
- Menchú, Rigoberta530
- Menominee (Potawatomi)96
- Meriam Report118–19
- Merkur, Daniel448
- Merriam Report375
- Metropolitan Museum of Art459
- Mexico414
- Franciscan priests in282
- Native intellectuals of531
- settlement in New Mexico68–69
- silver mines383
- Meyer, Melissa185
- Meyerhoff, Barbara440
- Miantonomi (Pequot)342
- Michaels, Patricia (Taos Pueblo)585
- Michigan Territory605–7
- Middle Five, The519
- Middle Ground, The176
- Mi’kmaqs340
- military, US
- Army Corps of Engineers266
- bombings of Tlingit villages307–8
- US Civil War in Indian Territory and368–71
- Miller, Bill157
- Miller, Christopher259
- Miller, R. Gary (Mohawk)489–90
- Miller, Wick391
- Mills, Antonia448
- missionaries, Christian. See Christianity
- missions, California281–85
- Mississippi shatter zone42
- Missourias367
- Mixed Blessings582–83
- Modern by Tradition457
- modern day Native America. See also twentieth century America, 1890–1960
- in Alaska311–12
- art in465–68
- in the Atlantic Northeast355–56
- election of George W. Bush and149–50
- enduring problems and conundrums for160–65
- government policy making and151–53
- improving quality of tribal life155–58
- Indian Territory and Oklahoma375–76
- Iroquoia212–13
- legacy of termination and relocation programs for158–60
- in the Pacific Northwest268–69
- in the Southwest229–30
- treaties and548–49
- tribal government153–55
- urbanization and556–58
- women of150–51
- Modocs368
- Mohawk, John (Seneca)517–18
- Mohawk Institute488
- Molina, Felipe443
- Montejo, Victor531
- Montoya, Gerónima Cruz (San Juan)457
- Moor’s School351
- Morales, Eddie (Comanche)584
- Moravians348–49
- Morrison, George (Chippewa)458
- Mosay, Midewin Archy (Ojibwe)163
- Most Serene Republics469
- motion pictures. See television and film industry
- Mourning Dove (Salish)521
- Murphy, Tim436–38
- Murrin, John413
- Museum of American Indian485
- Museum of the American Indian463
- museums.
- American Indians and the problem of475–77
- beginnings of anthropological481–82
- contemporary Native cultural centers488–92
- in the early United States479–81
- golden age of482–85
- history of ethnographic collecting by477–78
- Indian gaming and487–88
- shift from “tribal museums” to cultural centers485–87
- music, traditional Native576–77
- Mustache, Pipe (Ojibwe)163
- Nader, Ralph150
- Nairne, Thomas57
- Nakai, R. Carlos (Navajo)157
- Nanook of the North582
- Nanyehi (Nancy Ward)520
- Naranjo, Lewis (Pueblo)120
- Narragansetts340–44
- Natchez64
- National Labor Relations Board160–61
- Native Alaskan Olympics157
- Native American and Indigenous Studies Association (NAISA)531
- Native American Church248
- Native American Languages Act145
- Native American Legal Services Group443
- Native American Music Awards158
- Native Americans. See also government, tribal
- art See art, Native
- artists and performers See artists and performers, Native American
- civil rights movement and4
- coexistence with colonists in the East83–86
- diplomats84
- end of the American frontier and111
- expansion through North America62–64
- as global producers and consumers in the colonial period59–61
- intellectual history See intellectual history, Native
- legacy in world history591–608
- lost land84–86
- New Deal117–20
- as one of the lost tribes of Israel609n3
- politics See politics and activism
- population See demography
- precontact17–35
- renaissance129–46
- reservations See reservations
- rights organizations117
- self-determination See self-determination, Indian
- sovereignty See sovereignty
- terms used for470n1
- warfare See warfare and violence
- women See women, Native
- Native American Transracial Adoptees Tell Their Stories160
- Native Get Out the Vote (GOTV)150
- Native Moderns458
- Native North American Art456
- Native People of Alaska, The301
- Native Seattle260
- Navajo Talking Picture581
- Nayea, Star160
- Nelson, Richard K.440
- Nelson Act of185
- Netherlands, the
- Iroquoia and204–6
- perspective on North American “discovery,”593
- settlement of the Atlantic Northeast340–44
- New Deal2
- Newell, Dianne266
- Newhouse, Seth523–24
- New Mexico217–19, 227. See also Southwest region
- Newson, Linda422
- New World, North America as the591–608
- capitalism and611n22
- English versus French approach to colonization of593–98
- European “discovery” of592–95
- removal policies See removal of Native Americans
- Nez, Chester (Navajo)164
- Nez Perce Indians and the Opening of the Northwest, The254
- Nichols, John399
- Nine Years’ War345
- Nordmark, Olle458
- North American Archaeology18
- North American Indians in the Great War187
- North American Review605
- “Northern Shoshoni, The,”391
- Northrup, Jim (Anishinaabe)188
- North West Company175
- Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission268
- Northwest region. See Pacific Northwest region
- nostalgia, imperialist441
- Notes on the State of Virginia479
- Oakes, Richard (Mohawk)135
- Obomsawn, Alanis (Abenaki)581
- O’Brien, Jean (Ojibwe)527
- O’Connor, John575
- Oglala Sioux Civil Rights Organization (OSCRO)140
- “Ojibwa Ontology,”439
- Ojibwes64
- boarding schools and186–87
- Feast of the Dead ceremony175
- gender roles among403–4
- military veterans187–88
- self-determination by152–53
- spirituality439
- treaties with other tribes180–81
- writers188
- O’Keeffe, Georgia217
- Oklahoma. See Indian Territory and Oklahoma
- Oklahoma’s Poor Rich Indians: An Orgy of Graft and Exploitation of the Five Civilized Tribes, Legalized Robbery521
- Old World diseases45
- Oliphant v. Suquamish144
- Oliver, Lloyd (Navajo)164
- Olympic Games129–30
- Omaha reservation526–27
- Oñate, Juan de361
- Oneida v. Wisconsin143
- One Nation580
- Onondagas210–11
- Oo’dhams224–27
- Opothleyahola (Creek)370
- Oregon Donation Land Act of260
- Oregon Trail94, 98, 99, 259. See also Pacific Northwest region
- Organic Act of309
- Ornelas, Sierra (Diné)585
- Osage: An Ethnohistorical Study of Hegemony on the Prairie-Plains, The361
- Osages59, 248, 361–63, 367
- expansion into homelands of neighboring Indians63–64
- museum485–86
- trade with the French59–60
- women’s work among67
- Oshkosh, Chief (Monominee)179
- Otoes367
- Ottawas64
- Owasco people201–2
- Oxford Handbook of North American Archaeology, The18
- Ozhaquscodaywayquay (Ojibwe)177
- Pacific Coast79–81, 86, 99–100. See also California
- treaty making in the West and546–47
- Pacific Historical Review5
- Pacific Northwest region253–54. See also Alaska
- Native innovation and insistence in264–69
- Native resistance and persistence in261–64
- Northwest Ordinance of543–44
- pre-Columbian history255–57
- setting boundaries and negotiating identities in258–61
- treaty making546–47
- Pacific Railroad Act102–3
- Padilla, Juan de361–62
- Pamunkeys86
- Parading Through History248
- Parilla, Diego Ortiz362
- Park, Willard391
- Parker, Ely S. (Seneca)547
- Parker, Robert Dale177
- Parks, Douglas R.250
- Parmenter, Jon206
- particularism, historical21
- patrilineal family structure26–27
- Payamataha (Chickasaw)71
- Peace, Power and Righteousness517
- Peace Came in the Form of a Woman248
- Peach War342
- Pearce, Roy Harvey574
- Pelly, Wilma (Salteaux Ojibwe)582
- Pena, Nicolas (Cupeño)290
- Perdue, Theda325
- performance art466
- Peru414
- Petalesharo (Pawnee)468
- Peters, Evelyn J.564
- Peters, Scott Henry (Ojibwe)190
- Peters, Virginia Bergman248
- Peterson, Helen (Sioux)123
- Peterson, Jacqueline259
- Philippines, the116–17
- Phillips, George Harwood277
- Phillips, Ruth456
- photography467–68
- Picasso, Pablo453
- Pierce, Franklin288
- Piestewa, Lori (Hopi)164
- Pitchlynn, Peter (Choctaw)326
- Plains, the. See Great Plains region
- playoff strategy64
- Plenty Coups: Chief of the Crows249
- Plutarch of Athens434
- Pocahontas320
- poets, Native531
- Point Four program122–23
- Poitras, Edward (Métis)469
- politics and activism. See also government, tribal
- American Indian Movement (AIM)134–35
- American Indian sixties and131–33
- Cold War-era122–23
- election of George W. Bush and149–50
- with intellectual advocacy and engagement518–22
- intellectual property and162
- Iroquoia207–10
- organization in precontact era28–30
- protests and132–36
- radicalism in134–35
- Trail of Broken Treaties Caravan137–39
- US elections and149–50
- US government reaction to136–37
- Politics of Spirit: Phenomenology, Genealogy, Religion, The436
- Poncas367
- Poor People’s Campaign133–34
- popular culture571–74
- future of Native Americans and583–85
- Native distortions and disavowels in574–75
- Native filmmakers and581–83
- Native negotiations and resistance575–79
- sovereignties and subversions of Native Americans579–83
- population, Native. See demography
- Posey, Alexander (Muskogee)514
- postprocessual archaeologies21–22
- posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)188
- Potawatomi Trail of Death178
- potlatch29
- Powell, John Wesley391
- Powell, Randsom Judd185–86
- Powers Which We Do Not Know448
- Powhatan, Chief320
- Powless, Irving, Jr. (Onandaga)518
- powwow culture248
- pre-Columbian Native societies
- in Alaska301–3
- archaeological records and17–22
- Atlantic Northeast337–39
- complexity and diversity in precontact North America and22–24
- demography415–17
- economies497–99
- environments and religion32–34
- Indian Territory and Oklahoma360–63
- indigenous urbanites in555–56
- materials and collections on34–35
- Native American identities in24–25
- Pacific Northwest255–57
- political organization in28–30
- social organization in26–28
- in the South317–19
- trade and exchange among30–32
- prehistoric archaeology18
- Presidential Citizens Medal130
- Pretty Shield: Medicine Woman of the Crows249
- Preucel, Robert22
- Price, Vincent453
- Processual and Postprocessual Archaeologies: Multiple Ways of Knowing the Past22
- processualism, historical22
- processual paradigm21
- Proclamation of72
- Project Chariot308–9
- Proper Economic Resource Management (PERM)182
- Protect Americans’ Rights and Resources (PARR)182
- protests, Native Americans. See politics and activism
- puberty rites226
- Pueblos217–19. See also Southwest region
- small-scale colonial settlements in New Mexico and68–70
- Pumshire, John519
- Purser, Heather (Suquamish)154
- Putnam, Frederic Ward483
- Putting a Song on Top of It: Expression and Identity on the San Carlos Apache Reservation577
- Quantrill, William102
- Quarterly Journal527
- Queen Anne’s War345
- Rader, Dean580
- radicalism134–35
- railroads102–3
- Rampart Dam, Alaska309
- Ramsey, Alexander180–81
- Rancheria Termination Act292
- ranchos, California284–85
- Rand, Jacki Thompson (Choctaw)248
- Ray, Verne257
- Reagan, Ronald487
- Rebirth of the Blackfeet Nation, 1912–1954248
- Redford, Robert146
- Red Pole (Shawnee)480
- Reece, Skeen (Métis/Cree/Tsimshian/Gitksan)466
- Rehnquist, William144
- Reilly, F. Kent34
- reincarnation448
- [Re]Inventing the Wheel: Advancing the Dialogue on Contemporary American Indian Art455
- relatedness and spirituality444–49
- religion. See Christianity; See spirituality
- removal of Native Americans94–97, 105–6, 605–8
- from the Great Lakes region177–79
- from Indian Territory and Oklahoma363–66
- from the South325–27
- Renaissance, Indian (1960–2000)129–31
- activism growth and133–36
- American Indian sixties and131–33
- concrete change during142–43
- escalation of dramatic actions during the137–41
- gaming legalization and143–44
- innovation in the arts and popular culture during145–46
- Supreme Court decisions during144
- Trail of Broken Treaties Caravan137–39
- US government reaction to Native activism136–37
- “Representing Indians: American Indian Performance and Activism in Urban America,”576
- Requiem for a People254
- Reservation Reelism576
- reservations113, 114–15
- banks and businesses on118
- California288
- Great Plains region244–46
- Iroquoia and210–12
- legacy of termination and relocation programs158–60
- Native intellectual debate over524
- poverty on122–23
- quality of life and modern156–58
- tribal economies and507–8
- US Army and121
- White Earth184–86
- restoration, Menominee Nation189–90
- Revolving Credit Fund (RCF)119
- Rice, John (San Carlos Apache)119
- Richardville, Jean Baptiste de179
- Rickard, Jolen (Tuscarora)580
- Ridge, Major (Cherokee)365
- Riel, Louis244
- Rifkin, Mark408
- Robertson, Robbie137
- Robinson, Joyce Henri478
- Rockefeller Foundation463
- Rollings, Willard H.361
- Rollins, Peter575
- Roosevelt, Eleanor460
- Rose, Wendy (Hopi/Miwok)137
- Rosenthal, Nicolas576
- Rosier, Paul C.248
- Ross, Alexander391
- Roughing It379
- Running Brave130
- Russell, Osborne391
- Russian-American Company305
- Russian era in Alaska303–5
- Rzeczkowski, Frank248
- Sagwitch (Shoshone)386
- SAI. See Society of American Indians (SAI)
- Sainte-Marie, Buffy (Cree)137
- same-sex marriage154
- Samuels, David577
- Sanchez, Joseph (Taos)460–61
- San Diego Museum of Man466
- San Francisco Golden Gate International Exposition460
- San Francisco Peaks443
- Sanpitch (Shoshone)386
- Sarris, Greg445
- Saturday Night Live580
- Saul, John (Yanktonai)453
- Savagism and Civilization: A Study of the Indian and the American Mind574
- Savannah River Chiefdoms29
- Scheiber, Laura25
- Schein, Anna518
- Schoolcraft, Jane Johnston177
- Schwartz, E. A.262
- Scott, Ron E. (Métis Nation of Alberta)582
- Searchers, The578
- segregation327
- self-determination, Indian4, 85, 122, 136–37, 152–53, 275, 327–28
- adoption and166–67n21
- intellectuals and528–29
- Native art and461–62
- Native intellectual history and514–15
- popular culture and579–80
- Seminole v. Butterworth143
- Seneca-Cayugas367–68
- Seneca-Iroquois National Museum486
- Senecas210–12
- September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks164
- Sermon Preached at the Execution of Moses Paul, an Indian, A514
- Serra, Junípero282
- settlements, European. See also urbanization
- large-scale70
- small-scale68–70
- Seven Visions of Bull Lodge, The445–46
- Shadows of the Indian: Stereotypes in American Culture574
- Shakers264–65
- Shakes, Chief of Wrangell305
- Shannon, Timothy542
- Shared Visions458–59
- “Sharing the Land: A Study in American Indian Territoriality,”609n5
- Shavano (Ute)467–68
- Shaw, Jim (Delaware)98
- Shebbeare, John209
- Sherman, Cindy467
- Sherman, William T.368
- Shimkin, Demitri391
- Shiveley, JoEllen578
- Shoshoni Frontier and the Bear River Massacre, The392
- Shuck-Hall, Sheri M.321
- Sibley, Henry183–84
- Silko, Leslie Marmon (Laguna)137
- Silliman, Stephen25
- Simon, Rita J.160
- Simpson, Rose (Santa Clara)469–70
- Simpsons, The580
- Sioux82, 103–4, 129
- First Sioux War100
- Ghost Dance religion112
- Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community192–93
- Wounded Knee occupation of140–41
- sitcom sovereignty582–83
- Six Nations Indian Museum486
- Sixth Grandfather, The249
- Sketches of the History of the Six Nations519
- Skins578–79
- Skull Valley Goshute reservation390
- Skye, Harriet (Standing Rock Sioux)581
- Slaviero, Michela Elisa Craveri516
- Sleeper-Smith, Susan176–77
- slippage435–40
- Slobodin, Richard448
- Slocum, John (Squaxin)264–65
- Slotkin, Richard574
- smallpox. See disease
- “Smiling Indians,”584
- Smith, Anne M.391
- Smith, Don Morse (Cherokee)462
- Smith, F. Todd361
- Smith, Paul Chaat (Comanche)466
- Smith, Robert490
- Smoak, Gregory392
- Snodgrass, Jeanne454
- “socialism, corporate,”310–11
- social organization in precontact societies26–28
- Sohappy, David, Sr. (Yakama)267
- Song from the Earth456
- Sousea, Jeff467
- South, the
- geography of315–17
- matrilineal kinship in322–23
- Native self-determination in327–28
- precontact societies of317–19
- segregation in327
- Southeastern Ceremonial Complex: Artifacts and Analysis, The360
- Southwestern Indian Art Project (SWIAP)463
- Southwest Museum, Los Angeles485
- Southwest region217–20
- geography of217–20
- Hohokam, Oo’dham, and Western Apaches224–27
- major museums and collections230
- Native art and463
- Zunis and Hopis of220–24
- 21st century229–30
- Sovereign: Independent Voices470
- sovereignty
- Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971 and311
- Cherokees and324
- digital584–85
- gaming and275
- Great Basin Natives388–90
- intellectual528–29
- pop cultural579–83
- Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community and192–93
- sitcom582–83
- “Sovereignty: A Line in the Sand,”580
- Spain
- California missions281–85
- colonization of Mexico and Peru414
- colonization of the Great Basin382–83
- colonization of the Pacific Coast79–81
- Hopis and224
- Pueblos and New Mexico settlement of68–70
- silver mines82
- Western Apaches and225–26
- Zunis and221
- Speaking of Indians120
- Spector, Janet406–7
- Spilde, Katherine580
- spirituality433
- among precontact societies32–34 ( See also Christianity
- case studies of relatedness and444–49
- categorical and conceptual slippage in435–40
- defining “spirit” and434–35
- dichotomy between spirit and nature in435–37
- late-capitalist consumption of Indian440–44
- reincarnation and448
- Spiro, Oklahoma360–61
- Spiro Ceremonial Center, The360
- St. Clair, Arthur84
- St. Cyr, Lillian576
- St. Pierre, Mark249
- Standing Bear (Ponca)526
- Standing Bear v. Crook105
- Stand Watie (Cherokee)102
- Stanwix Treaty210
- Starna, William A.202
- Stedman, Raymond574
- Stefani, Gwen573
- Steinbeck, John571
- Stephenson, Matilda Cox221
- Stewart, Michelle580
- Stewart, Omer C.391
- Stolen Life: The Journey of a Cree Woman249
- Stop Treaty Abuse (STA)182
- Strickland, Rennard (Osage/Cherokee)458–59
- Stuart, John542
- Submuloc Show/Columbus Wohs468
- suicide425
- Sully, Alfred242
- Summers, Lawrence425
- Sundance Film Festival146
- Sundown250
- Swanton, John R.19
- Taensas62
- Tamástslikt Cultural Institute490–91
- Tantaquidgeon, Gladys354
- Tapahonso, Lucy (Navajo)531
- Tax, Sol132
- Taylor, Drew Hayden (Curve Lake Ojibwe)582
- Taylor, Joseph266
- Taylor, Zachary180
- Tecumseh (Shawnee)84–85
- Tekakwitha, Catherine (Mohawk)206
- Teller, Edward309
- Te-moaks389
- Tenskwatawa (Shawnee)84
- termination121–22, 123, 158–59, 389, 470n3, 528. See also warfare and violence
- California Indians and291–92
- Chicago and190–91
- Menominee Nation and188–90
- Pacific Northwest tribes and266–67
- terrorism164
- Tester, John150
- Tewanima, Louis (Hopi)129
- This Is Your Life453
- Thompson, Mary264
- Thornton, Russell (Cherokee)249
- Thünen, Johann Heinrich von554
- Tibbet, Johnathan290
- Tiger Jumper, Betty Mae (Seminole)328
- Tillie Hardwick v. the United States292
- Tiro, Karim211
- Titla, Mary Kim (San Carlos Apache)572
- Tongvas278–80
- Tonkovich, Nicole265
- trade and exchange. See also economics
- Age of Imperial Expansion and81–83
- among precontact societies30–32
- European colonization in pursuit of46–51
- Great Basin fur383
- Great Lakes fur175–77
- Great Plains region238–41
- intellectual515–18
- Iroquoia203–5
- Mexican-American War and98
- Native producers and consumers in the colonial period59–61
- north-south routes221
- Traditional Narratives of the Arikara Indians250
- Trahant, Mark (Shoshone Bannock)149
- treaties and treaty making539–40
- colonial era540–42
- end of547–48
- interpreters used in541
- in modern America548–49
- by the new American nation543–46
- in the West546–47
- Treaty of Canandaigua 1794: 200 Years of Treaty Relations between518
- Treaty of Cession of305–6
- Treaty of Cusseta of325
- Treaty of Fort Atkinson of546–47
- Treaty of Fort Harmar of544
- Treaty of Fort Jackson95
- Treaty of Fort Wayne of545
- Treaty of Ghent95
- Treaty of Greenville of544
- Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo98
- Treaty of Hopewell of543
- Treaty of Lancaster of542
- Treaty of La Pointe181
- Treaty of Payne's Landing of326
- Treaty of Pontotoc Creek of325–26
- Treaty of Prairie du Chien of546
- Treaty of San Lorenzo323
- Treaty of St. Louis of544
- Treaty of Utrecht346
- Treaty of Wolf River179
- Tribal Nations Summit154
- Tribal Secrets: Recovering American Indian Intellectual Traditions514
- Tribble, Fred181
- Tribble, Mike181
- Tribe Called Red, A585
- Troutman, John576
- Truman, Harry S.122
- Tsinhnahjinnie, Hulleah (Seminole/Muscogee/Diné)467
- Tunicas62
- Twain, Mark379
- twentieth century America, 1890–1960111–12. See also modern day Native America
- American Indians’ New Deal117–20
- incorporation of Indian people and land112–17
- nationalism urbanization, and Cold War civil rights120–23
- Two Moons243
- Two-Spirit persons28
- UCLA6
- Umatilla490–91
- Umine Wacipe: War and Peace Dance454
- United Indians of All Tribes557
- United Native Americans133
- United States, the. See also First World War; See also Second World War; See also Vietnam War
- Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of310–11
- Army Corps of Engineers266
- Census Bureau111
- conflicts with Mormons384–85
- Dakota War182–84
- early museums479–81
- economic laws effects on Indian economies503–6
- expansion and its consequences93–106
- Gadsden Purchase100
- golden age of museums and483
- Indian New Deal117–20
- Kansas-Nebraska Act100
- nationalism, urbanization, and Cold War civil rights120–23
- Native Americans involvement in policy making by151–53
- Native arts and461–62
- reaction to Native activism of the136–37
- Reconstruction period371–75
- September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on164
- twentieth century111–23
- Uniting the Tribes248
- UNITY Conference149
- University of California, Berkeley6
- University of Illinois5
- University of New Mexico34
- University of Oklahoma34
- University of Pennsylvania Museum483
- University of Utah391
- University of Washington6
- University of Wisconsin5
- urbanization120–23, 160, 553–55
- colonialism and558–60
- Great Lakes region190–93
- Indian communities and 20th century556–58
- new urban indigenous histories and561–65
- pre-Columbian indigenous555–56
- US v. Michigan181
- US v. Washington268
- Utah American Indian Digital Archive391
- Utah War of385
- Velarde, Pablita (Santa Clara)457
- Vibert, Elizabeth258
- Vigil, Kiara515
- Vines, Richard419
- Violence over the Land392
- Vizcaíno, Sebastián282
- Voigt, Lester181–82
- Voluntary Relocation Program (VRP)121
- Wadewitz, Lissa266
- Wagner, Sally Roesch520–21
- Waker River reservation387–88
- Walker, James R.250
- Walker, Scott150
- Walker, Tillie134
- Walker River Paiutes: A Tribal History, The392
- Walker War384
- Walking the Rez Road188
- Wall, Stephen (Chippewa)461
- Walter of Mortagne434
- Wampum Chronicles517
- Wapp, Josephine Myers (Comanche)463
- warfare and violence46–51. See also termination
- American Civil War101–6
- Atlantic Northeast region344–46
- Cayuse War259–60
- Dakota War182–84
- in the Great Plains region242–43
- in Iroquoia203–7
- Metacom’s War of70
- Nez Perce War264
- in the139–41
- in the Southwest228–29
- Yakima War of262
- Warner, J. J.286
- Warpath, The133
- Wasase517
- Washington, Booker T.523
- Waterlily250
- Watie, Stand (Cherokee)366
- Watkins, Joe25
- Waubojeeg (Ojibwe)177
- Waver, Jace (Cherokee)575
- Wayne, Anthony180
- Weasel, Henry (Oglala)453
- Weaving New Worlds: Southeastern Cherokee Women and Their Basketry407
- Wedel, Waldo19
- Weesterman, Gwen184
- Wesley, Clarence (San Carlos Apache)123
- West, Benjamin539–40
- West, Dick (Cheyenne)458
- Westos62
- We the People466
- We Were All Like Migrant Workers Here: Work, Community, and Memory on California’s Round Valley Reservation, 1850–1941407–8
- Wewyoot (Tongva)278
- What This Awl Means: Feminist Archaeology at a Wahpeton Dakota Village406–7
- Wheelock, Dennison (Oneida)525
- When Did Indians Become Straight? Kinship, the History of Sexuality, and Native Sovereignty408
- Whipple, Henry547
- White, Bruce184
- White, John416
- White, Karissa188
- White Clay People (Atsina)445–46
- White Earth reservation184–86
- Whitehorse, Emmi (Diné)465
- White Man's Indian: Images of the American Indian from Columbus to the Present, The574
- “White Man’s Moccasins,”467
- Whitman, Marcus259
- Whitman, Narcissa259
- Whitman, Richard Ray (Yuchi)467
- Whitman Massacre259–60
- whooping cough. See disease
- Who stole the tee pee?469
- Wichita Indians and the Caddoes, The361
- Wichitas and the United States, The361
- Wickersham, James265
- Wiebe, Rudy249
- Wildcat, Daniel (Yuchi/Creek)468
- Wild West COW-Boys of Moo Mesa577
- Wilkinson, Ernest K.389
- Willeto, Paul (Diné)465
- William and Mary Quarterly247
- William of Champeaux434
- Williams, Robert (Lumbee)579
- Wilson, Gilbert L.249
- Wilson, Jack (Paiute)387
- Wilson, Nina163
- Wilson, Pamela580
- Wilson, Richard (Lakota)140–41
- Wilson, Woodrow524
- Windy Boy, Jonathan (Rocky Boy)150
- “Winning of the West: The Expansion of the Western Sioux in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, The,”247
- Winthrop, John594
- Wisdom Sits in Places33
- Wisler, Clark23
- Witgen, Michael175
- Wittick, Benjamin467
- Wolfe, William Leon188
- “Wolf Pack Auditions,”584
- Women of Sweetgrass, Cedar and Sage466
- Women of the Earth Lodges248
- Wood, Charles Erskine Scott264
- Work, John391
- Worl, Rosita307
- Wounded Knee Syndrome, The464
- Wozencraft, Oliver287
- writers, Native American. See also intellectual history, Native
- Jane Johnston Schoolcraft177
- Jim Northrup188
- poetry531
- Returning the Gift Native Writers Festival530
- Wyeth, Nathaniel391
- Yakima War of262
- Yamasees62
- Yaqui449
- yellow fever. See disease
- Yellow Thunder, Raymond (Lakota)139
- Yocha Dehe band of Wintu Indians293
- Yorba, Bernardo285
- Young Bear, Ray A. (Meskwaki)137
- Young Man, Alfred (Cree)464
- Yucca Mountain, Nevada390
- Yup’ik302
- Zepeda, Ofelia (Tohono O’odham)531
- Ziibiwing Center of Anishinabe Culture and Lifeways491–92
- Zunis220–24
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