List of Tables and Figures

CP.P9  Trends in imprisonment (rate per 100,000 population)  248

CP.P10  Questions to ministers, Dáil Éireann, 1960–2017 (excluding election years)  318

CP.P11  Number of sitting days, Dáil Éireann, 2010–7  323

CP.P12  Committee meetings, sitting hours, and witnesses, Oireachtas Éireann, 2011–7  325

CP.P13  Breakdown of tax revenue by level of government, 2016  390

CP.P14  Share of first preference votes of main parties at local elections, 1967–2019  396

CP.P15  Voter turnout at local elections, 1967–2019  396

CP.P16  Components of aggregate demand in Ireland, 1995–2017  409

CP.P17  Goods exports and service exports as a share of total exports  410

CP.P18  Sector breakdown of aggregate FDI amounts 2003–18  413

CP.P19  Sector breakdown of aggregate FDI projects 2003–18  413

CP.P20  Timeline of tech investment in Ireland, 2003–18  415

CP.P21  Sector breakdown of aggregate FDI jobs, 2003–18  415

CP.P22  ICT as a percentage of FDI-created jobs  417

CP.P23  The growth in the Irish labour force and employment, 1983–2018  425

CP.P24  Occupational upgrading in Ireland, 2008–17  428

CP.P25  Composition of Irish social security expenditure, 2008–17 (€ billion)  432

CP.P26  Per-capita total expenditure on social protection, Ireland and EU, 1995–2016  433

CP.P27  Low pay among full-time workers in Ireland by gender, 2000–2016  436

CP.P28  Tax and revenue as share of modified GNI  449

CP.P29  Sources of taxation  450

CP.P30  Uses of taxation  453

CP.P31  Breakdown of spending by spending group  454

CP.P32  Slopegraph of spending by spending group by decade  455

CP.P33  Composition of the reduction in income inequality, 2006–16  468

CP.P34  Shares of direct income in Ireland, 2006–16  470

CP.P35  Shares of disposable income in Ireland, 2006–16  471

CP.P36  Comparison of income and net wealth inequality (Gini coefficients), various EU states  475

CP.P37  Inequality of income and wealth in Ireland (Gini coefficients)  476

CP.P38  Trends in banking in Ireland, 1994–2015  482

CP.P39  New house building by tenure in Ireland and social housing sold to tenants, 1923–2015  502

CP.P40  Housing tenure patterns in Ireland (households), 1946–2016  503

CP.P41  Dáil seat shares at elections, 1922–2020  523

CP.P42  Aggregate seat shares of the largest parties, 1922–2020  526

CP.P43  Party system fragmentation, 1922–2020  527

CP.P44  Parties’ left–right positions, 1993–2014  527

CP.P45  Left–right polarization, 1999-2014  530

CP.P46  Performance of independents at Dáil elections, 1922–2020  540

CP.P47  Support rates (per cent) of independent TDs for governments, 1937–2016  544

CP.P48  The changing Irish voter (EB and ESS surveys, 1973–2017)  561

CP.P49  Class and vote, 1973–2016  563

CP.P50  Church attendance and vote, 1973–2016  563

CP.P51  Left right self-placement and vote, 1973–2016  564

CP.P52  Party attachment and vote, 1973–2016  565

CP.P53  Determinants of the vote, pre- and post-2000  567

CP.P54  Determinants of the vote, pre- and post-crash (ESS data)  568

CP.P55  Number of male and female candidates in Irish general elections, 1997–2016  582

CP.P56  Main sources of news by age, February 2019  602

CP.P57  Main offline and online sources for news, 2019  603

CP.P58  Measures of satisfaction with the deliberative process across all eleven weekends  636

CP.P59  Which activities were most useful?  637

CP.P60  Variations in members’ attitudes to features of the deliberative process  638

CP.P61  Simplified model of central bank enforcement pyramid  657

CP.P63  Number of post-primary schools and associated enrolment classified by ethos of the school, 2019  73

CP.P64  A typology of democratic decision-making methods  98

CP.P65  ODA as a percentage of GNI  179

CP.P66  Jobs, enterprises, and value added in Irish manufacturing by ownership, 2017  189

CP.P67  Imprisonment rates per 100,000 population  246

CP.P68  The fall and rise of imprisonment in Ireland  249

CP.P69  Moderating the penal climate  256

CP.P70  Nomination of Taoiseach, 1938–2017  352

CP.P71  Electoral performance (percentage seat change) of main parties, 1981–2016  361

CP.P72  Presidents of Ireland, 1938–2018  368

CP.P73  Population per local authority unit, selected European countries, c. 2010  389

CP.P74  Top twenty-five inward FDI firms (by investment amount)  414

CP.P75  Ten largest FDI projects by jobs created  416

CP.P76  Compositional change of the labour force, 1998–2018  426

CP.P77  Change in Ireland’s employment structure, 2008–17  427

CP.P78  Average total annual earnings by economic sector, 2008 and 2017  429

CP.P79  Rates of low pay among full-time workers in selected EU and OECD states, 2016  436

CP.P80  Ireland’s migration patterns, 1998–2017  438

CP.P81  Irish labour force participation rates, by gender 1998–2018  439

CP.P82  Shares of equivalized direct and disposable income, 2006–16  466

CP.P83  The income shares of the bottom 50 per cent, middle 50 per cent, and top 10 per cent  467

CP.P84  Distribution of individual market incomes in Ireland, 2016  469

CP.P85  Composition of net wealth of all households in Ireland, 2013  472

CP.P86  Distribution of net wealth in Ireland by net wealth decile, 2013  473

CP.P87  Distribution of net wealth, various EU states  474

CP.P88  Age distribution of households’ net wealth, Ireland, 2013  475

CP.P89  Irish banking in comparative perspective  481

CP.P90  House building and prices, mortgage debt and construction employment, and economic contribution, 1996–2016  508

CP.P91  Governments in Ireland with indicators of party system change  524

CP.P92  Minority governments in Ireland involving independents, 1948–2016  543

CP.P93  Typology of independents, 1922–2020  545

CP.P94  Candidates and seats by independent category  546

CP.P95  Support for independents (per cent) in Ireland by populist sentiment, 2016  553

CP.P96  Effectiveness of post-crash interactions  569

CP.P97  Effectiveness of pre-/post-2000 interactions  570

CP.P98  Party strength by year of poll  576

CP.P99  Routes to candidate selection across the four main political parties in 2016  583

CP.P100  Gender profile of total and non-incumbent (newcomer) candidates in the four main parties, 1997–2016  584

CP.P101  Gender of all candidates by constituency across five election cycles  586

CP.P102  Relationship between urban/rural location and candidate selection across the four main parties in the 2016 general election  587

CP.P103  Regression showing the relationship between the first preference votes and candidate selection route across the four main parties  588

CP.P104  Moral issue referendums, 1922–2019  614

CP.P105  European integration referendums, 1922–2018  617

CP.P106  Referendums regarding voting rules, 1922–2018  618

CP.P107  Referendums on political institutions, 1922–2018  619

CP.P108  Other referendums, 1922–2018  619

CP.P109  Demographic targets for the Citizens’ Assembly  633

CP.P110  The representativeness of the Citizens’ Assembly based on average income  634

CP.P111  Regulatory bodies in Ireland inherited by the new state in 1922  650

CP.P112  Post-war bodies addressing employment, consumer, and equality rights  651

CP.P113  Regulatory agencies established in Ireland since 1990  652