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6.1 Degrees of at-issueness 6.1 Degrees of at-issueness
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6.2 (Non-)at issue meaning: surveying the landscape 6.2 (Non-)at issue meaning: surveying the landscape
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6.3 Focus and exhaustivity 6.3 Focus and exhaustivity
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6 Information Structure and the Landscape of (Non-)at-issue Meaning
Get accessLaurence R. Horn is Professor Emeritus of Linguistics and Philosophy at Yale University. He is the author of A Natural History of Negation (Chicago, 1989; CSLI, 2001) and over 100 papers and handbook entries on negation, polarity, implicature, presupposition, pragmatic theory, word meaning, grammatical variation, and lying. His Ph.D. dissertation (UCLA, 1972) introduced scalar implicature. His six (co-)edited volumes include Negation and Polarity (OUP, 2000) and The Expression of Negation (de Gruyter, 2010). He is an elected fellow of the Linguistic Society of America and was past editor of the Outstanding Dissertations in Linguistics series (Garland/Routledge).
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Published:05 December 2014
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Abstract
This article examines cases that illustrate the relation of information structure to truth-conditional semantics, grammatical form, and assertoric force. Before discussing the interaction between information structure and (non-)at-issue meaning, it considers the nature of information and what constitutes information. It then looks at two aspects of the common ground, common ground (CG) content and CG management, as well as the criteria of category membership. The article also explores the varying degrees of at-issueness, the role of rhetorical opposition and but clauses, as well as the variable strength of at-issue content. The landscape of non-at-issue meaning is presented, and the distinction between conventional implicature and assertorically inert entailments is highlighted using a range of distributional diagnostics. The article concludes by analysing the relation between structural focus and exhaustivity using the semantic and pragmatic approaches.
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