The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Philosophy
Published online:
02 September 2009
Published in print:
29 November 2007
Online ISBN:
9780191577109
Print ISBN:
9780199234769
Contents
End Matter
Index
-
Published:November 2007
Annotate
Cite
'Index', in Frank Jackson, and Michael Smith (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Philosophy (2007; online edn, Oxford Academic, 2 Sept. 2009), https://doi.org/, accessed 9 May 2025.
Subject
Philosophy
Series
Oxford Handbooks
Collection:
Oxford Handbooks Online
881Index
- a posteriori: knowable402, 405, 685
- necessities407–10, 412–13, 415–16, 420, 423, 742; See also Kripke, Saul See also two-dimensionalism
- a priori22, 23, 93, 407, 416, 455, 460, 685, 739, 807–8
- beliefs740
- and defeasibility747–8
- and empirical indefeasibility759–60
- judgementally a priori743–4
- meta-semantic theory of753–62
- scope of the745
- and truth in virtue of meaning742
- synthetic802;
- aboutness:
- attitude363–4
- indicator362–3;, See also cognitive science subdoxastic363; See also cognitive science See also personal versus subpersonal level of description and explanation
- teleological function and362–4
- Ackrill, J. L.547 n
- actions12, 15, 50, 87, 270, 334–55
- and common-sense psychology334
- folk concept of intentional353–4
- individuation of335–6
- and moral assessment353–5
- side-effect353–5
- actualism in ethics55 n
- Adams, F., and Mele, A.346
- Adams, Robert38 n
- Adler, Matthew, and Dorf, Michael187 n
- adverbalists about sense experience724
- Aharonov, Y., and Albert, D.874 n
- Aimola, Davies, A. M.390
- Akins, Kathleen841
- Albritton, Richard102
- Alexander, Larry, and Sherwin, Emily196 n
- Alexandrescu, Sorin542 n
- Alston, W. P.456 n
- Altman, Jack, and Ziporyn, Marvin541 n
- analytical social and political theory259
- Anderson, Elizabeth237
- Andrews, Lort, Fullerton, Jane, E., Holtzmann, Neil A., and Motulsk, Arno G.840
- An-Na'im, Abdullahi172
- Annas, J.117 n
- Annis, D.79 n
- anti-descriptivist theories See non-descriptivist theories
- anti-rationalism in ethics8
- applied ethics76
- Armstrong,D.M.313, 323 n, 326 n, 346, 456 n, 506, 510–13, 515–19, 522, 525, 621, 703 n, 724 n, 795–6
- Arneson, Richard210 n
- Arrow's ‘impossibility theorem’262
- Atherton, Margaret233 n
- Atran, S.304
- Augustine192
- Austin, John182–3
- Ayers, I., and Braithwaite, J.272
- Bacon, John584 n
- Bailenson, Jeremy N., Shum, Michael S., Atran, Scott., Medin, Douglas L., and Coley, John D.304
- Bailhache, Patrice601 n
- Baker, Lynne Rudder671–6
- Baldwin, Thomas703
- Bales, Eugene31
- Barba Escriba, J.541
- Barbour, Julian871 n
- Baron J.140 n
- Barrett, Jeff860 n
- Barron, Marcia43
- Barry, Brian, and Hardin, Russell216 n
- Baumeister, Roy249 n
- Baynes, Kenneth224 n
- Bealer, G.697 n
- Bechara, A., Damasio, H., and Damasio, A. R.126
- Becker,L.C.116 n
- Beckner, Morton819
- Beebee, Helen528
- Begemihl, B.239
- Behe, Michael839
- belief4–10, 12, 21–5, 64, 294, 681–2
- justified true686, 693, 696; See also Gettier, E.
- perceptual697–8;
- suspension of681–3, 688 See also scepticism
- truth-indicative685–6
- belief ascriptions421, 423
- de se reading of422; see also See also de se
- Bell, J.874
- Bender, Edward D.544 n
- Bennett, W. J.120
- Berlin, Isaiah259
- Beurton, Peter, Falk, Raphael, and Reinberger, Hans-Jörg827
- Bezuidenhout, Anne, and Morris, Robyn472 n
- Blair, R. J.127–8
- Blamey, Stephen, and Humberstone, Lloyd556
- Blanchard, B.456 n
- blindsight387–9
- and superblindsight388; See also consciousness See also access versus phenomenal consciousness distinction See also Block, N.
- Bohm, David852
- Bohman, James, and Rehg, William222 n
- Bok, H.116 n
- Boolos, George563 n
- Boorse, Christopher829
- Bork, Robert188
- Braddon-Mitchell, David, and Jackson, Frank332 n
- Braithwaite, J.272
- Breheny, Richard, Katsos, Napolean, and Williams, John472
- Brennan, Samantha57
- Brison, Susan236
- Brock, Stuart593–4
- Brooks, R. A.387
- Brown, James Robert771
- Bruxelles, Sylvie, Ducrot, Oswald, and Raccah, Pierre-Yves493 n
- Buchanan, Allen, Brock, Dan, Daniels, Norman, and Wikler, Daniel840
- Buchannan, Allan214 n
- Burgess, John A.537
- Burke, Michael666–9
- Burks, A. W.565
- Buss, David838
- Buss, Sarah104
- Butler, Judith242
- Byrne, Alex724 n
- Campbell, J.116 n
- Campbell, Keith314
- Campbell, Richmond, and Sowden, Lanning22
- Campbell, Tom192
- Capgras delusion390
- Caramazza, A.379–80
- Carritt, E. F.36 n
- Carruthers, P.370
- Casati, Robert, and Varsi, Achille647
- Caulfield, Mina242 n
- causalism (in philosophy of action)334–6, 338–9, 341, 345–6, 355
- problem of vanishing agents for351–2
- causally explanatory versus causally efficacious properties375
- causation505–31
- as constant conjunction505, 630, 793, 809; See also Hume, David See also laws See also Humean regularity account of
- counterfactual accounts of505–6, 509, 518, 523, 808;, See also Lewis, David See also dependency accounts of524, 526, 529–30
- folk theory of521–2
- lawful regularity accounts of505–6
- and normative considerations527–8
- and pre-emption cases520, 522, 524, 526–7, 529–30
- and primary versus secondary causal locutions507–8
- topic-neutral constraint on accounts of514
- central state materialism359
- Chafe, Wallace, and Nichols, Johanna541
- Cheng, Patricia, and Holyoak, Keith838
- Chierchia, Gennaro, Crain, Stephen, Guasti, Maria Teresa, Gualmini, Andrea, and Meroni, Luisa472 n
- Churchland, Patricia841
- Cicero182
- Clendinnen, F. J.775 n
- Coffa, A.740
- cognitive neuropsychology379–80, 382
- challenge of connectionism to See connectionism
- cognitive neuroscience362
- cognitive science358, 360, 362–4, 367, 375–6, 390, 494
- connectionist383, 385–6; See also connectionism
- and homunculi361–2; and intentionality, 361
- and ‘as if ’ intentionality361–3
- relationship with philosophy364–5, 387–90;, See also philosophy of cognitive science387
- cognitivism (in ethics)4, 6 n, 21
- about normative judgements within the domain of reason25
- about moral judgements25; See also non-cognitivism (in ethics)
- Cohen, G. A.167–8
- Cohen, Rachel92–3
- Cohen, S.688 n
- coherentism (in moral epistemology)64, 69, 73, 82
- realist coherentism73–8; See also moral epistemology
- Coleman, Jules, and Ferejohn, John217–18
- Coleman, Sydney859 n
- collective principle of beneficence37
- colour experience318
- communitarian critics of Rawls52
- compliance problem50
- conceptual versus non-conceptual content330
- connectionism382–7
- as alternative to the computational theory of mind382
- and modularity385–6
- and syntactically structure representations383–4; See also tacit knowledge
- consequentialism26, 33 n, 34, 35 n, 36–7, 41–2, 45–7, 49, 53, 56, 58
- act consequentialism40
- indirect forms of38–9
- motive consequentialism38
- objective consequentialism38, 40, 46; See also Railton, Peter
- rule consequentialism38–40
- satisficer accounts37
- self-defeating objection to39
- schizophrenia objection to39, 41; See also Stocker, Michael
- two-levels view38–9; See also Hare, R. M.
- constructivism (in philosophy of science)768–9
- continuity theorists (in ethics)67
- Cooper,J.M.117
- Copeland, B. J.570
- Cornell-style moral realism67
- Cosmides, Leda, and Tooby, John838
- Cresswell, M. J.568 n
- Crimmins, Mark424
- Cronin, Ciarin, and De Greiff, Pablo223 n
- Cullity, Garrett, and Gaut, Berys6 n
- culture of honour132–7
- Cummins, Robert829–30
- Cummiskey, David36 n
- Czezowski, Tadeusz569
- Damasio, A. R., and Tranel, D. and Damasio, H.126
- Darley, J. M., and Batson, C. D.118
- Dascal, Marcelo475
- Davenport, W.240
- Davidson, Donald9, 11, 14–15, 19, 88, 104, 313 n, 335–6, 338, 345 n, 353 n, 449 n, 450, 456–8, 469, 505–6, 508, 633, 698 n, 721 n
- Davidson's scepticism about meaning457–8
- Davies, M.373
- and Coltheart, M., Langdon, R., and Breen, N.390
- and Humberstone, Lloyd411–12, 413 n, 414, 743
- Davis, Steven469
- de Gelder, B., and Vroomen, J., Pourtois, G., and Weiskrantz, L.388
- de Lavalette, G. R. Renardel553
- De Paul, M., and Ramsey, W.697 n
- decision theory105
- deep versus superficial necessity distinction411
- Deiks, Dennis853 n
- Dembski, William839
- democratic: decisions208, 210–11, 213, 224
- procedures211–18, 222, 225–7; See also political See also procedures
- Dent, N. J. H.118 n
- DePaul, M.120
- descriptivism403, 406–7, 413, 417, 422–3, 785
- causal version of408–10, 419, 421–2; See also Chalmers, David See also Jackson, Frank See also Kroon, Fred See also Lewis, David
- challenge of indexicals to403–5, 414, 417–18; See also Perry, John See also two-dimensionalism
- Kripke's epistemological argument against399, 408, 417, 420; See also Kripke, Saul
- Kripke's objections to288–9, 397, 400, 408; See also Kripke, Saul
- Kripke's semantic arguments against401, 408, 410, 417; See also Kripke, Saul
- and metalinguistic descriptions419–20
- desires4–25, 33, 43, 104
- for esteem and to avoid disesteem (in economics and political philosophy)258, 275–8; See also economics See also political philosophy
- and reason90–5
- hierarchy of99–100
- determinism and responsibility141–5
- Deutsche, David857 n
- Devitt, Michael769 n, 771 n, 772 n, 774, 775 n, 776 n, 777 n, 779 n, 780 n, 781 n, 782, 786 n, 787
- and Sterelny, Kim785 n
- DeWitt, B.856
- discontinuity theorists in ethics67–8
- Dixon, R. M. W.539
- Dobelle, W. H., Mladejovsky, M. G., and Girvin, J. P.718 n
- doctrine of doing and allowing46 See also doing versus allowing harm distinction
- doctrine of double effect46–8
- Dowe, Phil506
- Ducasse, C. J.724 n
- Dunne, J. W.315
- Duster, Troy840
- duties43, 45
- negative versus positive46; See also Foot, Philippa
- Dworkin, Andrea250
- Eells, Ellery506
- egocentric goods3
- egoism in ethics16
- Eilan, N., McCarthy, R., and Brewer, B.387
- Elder, Crawford L.586
- Eldredge, Niles831
- Ellis, B.811
- Ellis, H. D., and Young, A. W.390
- Ellsworth, P. C.132
- empirical claims22
- empirical claims and ethics115, 120–2, 125, 127, 145–6
- empty:
- concepts284
- definite descriptions287; See also definite descriptions
- expressions286–7, 292
- singular concepts294–5
- Endicott, Timothy189
- Engel, P.458 n
- equality of resources159–60
- Ereshevsky, Marc831
- error theory about morality74 n
- Estlund, David209 n
- Euthyphro question210
- Ewing, A. C.17
- externalism (in philosophy of mind) See psychological states See externalism about the content of
- Fales, Evan770
- Fauconnier, Gilles475
- Feinberg, Joel244–5
- Feldman, Fred33
- Feldman, R.688 n
- female experience57–8
- feminism231–55
- and metaphysics of personal identity232, 234–7
- relationship with philosophy231–5
- and speech act theory242–3; See also speech acts
- feminist ethics57–8
- feminist philosophy of science241–2
- Fish, Stanley197 n
- Flax, Jane234
- Fleischer, Isidore570
- Flood, R., and Lockwood, M.633
- folk-biology304
- foundations of physics, the848–79
- and absolutism versus relationism aboutspace868–71
- and asymmetries of human experience865–7
- and the bare theory859–60
- and Bohm's theory852–3, 876; See also Bohm, David
- and GRW theory854–5, 867, 876, 878 See also Ghirardi, G. C., Rimini, A., and Weber, T.
- and the measurement problem in quantum-mechanics848–61, 872, 874; See also quantum mechanics
- and the linear quantum-mechanical equations of motion849–54, 856–7, 859–61; and the many worlds interpretation of quantum-mechanics, 855–6, 874; See also Everett, H., III
- and measuring devices849–51, 855
- and statistical mechanics866
- and Wigner's friend849–50, 856, 858; See also Wigner, E. P. See also Newtonian mechanics See also special theory of relativity
- Frazier, R. L.70
- Freeman, Samuel160
- Freeman, Samuel222 n
- Frege's puzzle (or problem) of failures of substitution of co-referential names in opaque contexts285–7, 294, 402, 406, 409, 417, 421–2, 424
- Frerejohn, J., and Satz, D.799
- Freud, Sigmund97
- Frey, Bruno272 and Jegen, R. 272
- Fuller, Lon L.182
- Fumerton, R.693 n
- functionalism359
- Futuyma, Douglas839
- Gale, R. M.624
- Gallois, André559
- Gallup, Gordon, and Suarez, Susan240
- Galston, William, A.161, 163–4, 166–7, 176 game theory, 814–15 evolutionary, 839
- Gardner, H.358
- Garson, James W.595
- Gaut, B.72–3
- Geerts, W., and Melis, L.548 n
- Gelman, S., and Hirschfield, L.304
- generic-species concepts304
- George, Robert45 n
- Gert, Bernard41
- Gewirth, A.69
- Ghez, Claude, Krakauer, J., Sainburg, R., and Ghilardi, M.344–5
- Ghirardi, G. C., Rimini, A., and Weber, T.854
- Ghiselin, Michael831–2
- Gibbons, J.693 n
- Giere, R. N.804
- Gilbert, D. T., and Malone, P. S.120 n
- Glennan, S.814
- Goble, L. F.587 n
- Goldie, Peter107
- Goldsworthy, Jeff9
- Good,I.J.506
- Goranko, Valentin601 n
- Goudge, T. A.819
- Grabosky, P. N.272
- Gray, John Chipman194
- Gray, Russell828
- Greco, J., and Sosa, E.698 n
- Green, Mitchell472 n
- Greenawalt, Kent195–6
- Greenspan, P. S.108
- Grene, Marjorie819
- Griffiths, Paul, and Gray, Russell828
- Groenendijk, Jeroen, and Stokof, Martin538 n
- Gross, Steven488
- Grünbaum, A.630
- Gupta, A.462 n
- Gutmann, A., and Thompson, D.226 n
- Gutting, Gary775 n
- Habermas, Jurgen223–5
- Haidt, J., Koller, S., and Dias, M.140–1
- Hall, Alison493
- Halley, Janet E.172
- Hamblin, C. L.561
- Hamilton, W. D.823
- Hamlyn, D.355
- Hampton, Jean54
- Haney, C., Banks, W., and Zimbardo, P.118
- Hardin, Russell217 n
- Harding, Sandra241
- Hare, R. D.127
- Harman, Gilbert4 n, 49 n, 65, 77, 116 n, 118, 119 n, 123, 129, 321–2, 353–5, 687 n, 724 n, 742, 561 n
- Harré, R., and Madden, E. H.811–12
- Harris, John840
- Harstock, Nancy241
- Hart, D., and Killen, M.121
- Haslanger, Sally243
- Hausman, D.808
- Hayek, F. A.200
- health care ethics57
- Healy, Richard853 n
- Hempel,C.G.829
- Herman, Barbara243
- Herrnstein, Richard, and Murray, C.836
- Hesse, Mary770
- Heyd, David840
- Higginbotham, James446
- Hilbert, David319
- Hilpinen, Risto543
- Hirschberg, Julia472 n
- Hite, S.240
- Hoadley, Bishop194
- Hobbesian approach to morality41
- Hoefer, C., and Rosenberg, A.778
- Holmes, Oliver Wendell204
- Holton Richard9 n
- Holtzmann, Neil A.840
- Hooker, Clifford A.770
- Hoover, K.810
- Horan, B. L.807
- Horowitz, Tamara49 n, 140 Horty, John F., 543, 556 n
- Howson, C., and Urbach, P.684 n
- Hrdy, Sarah Blaffer242 n
- Hubbard, Ruth, and Wald, Elijah840
- Huemer, Michael559 n
- Humberstone, Lloyd543, 549 n, 550, 556, 558, 566, 568, 575 n, 589, 595, 596, 601 n
- and Williamson, Timothy546 n
- Humphreys, P.804
- Husserl, Edmund284 n
- Hutcheson, F.129 n
- hypothetical imperatives42
- hypothetical social contracts or agreements50, 52
- as opposed to actual social contracts or agreements50; See also contractarian ethics
- ideal language philosophy468; See also Carnap, Rudolf See also Frege, Gottlob See also Russell, Bertrand See also Tarski, A.
- idealized psychology17
- identification (and moral psychology)99–102
- Ifantidou, Elly492
- inclusion problem for contractarianism-contractualism53–4
- indigenous peoples18–23
- inference to the best explanation65
- institutional design and compliance constraints260
- institutional principles259
- intangible hand of esteem (in economics and political philosophy)276
- intending versus merely foreseeing harm distinction47; See also doctrine of double effect
- intentional states323
- internalism (in philosophy of mind) See psychological states
- intrinsic bad32
- intuitionism in moral epistemology64, 67, 70–3
- generalist accounts of64, 67, 69–71; See also moral epistemology
- intuitionist approaches to deontological ethics44
- monist version of45
- pluralist version of44–5, 70; See also Ross, W. D.
- Irigaray, Luce234
- iron hand explanations (in economics)275–6
- Irwin, T. H.118
- Isen, A. M., Levin, P. F.118
- Iten, Corinne493 n
- Jackson, Frank4 n, 5 n, 6 n, 22, 105, 125, 139, 141, 315 n, 322 n, 323 n, 329, 332, 407–10, 417–18, 469, 558, 702–5, 710, 712, 724 n
- and Smith, Michael26
- Jacob, P., and Jeannerod, M.389
- Jaggar, Alison57–8
- James, W.456 n
- Jennings, Richard770
- Jensen, Arthur836
- Johnson, M.116 n
- Johnson, Phillip839
- Johnston, Mark17
- Jones, E. E.120 n
- Jordan, M.341 n
- Joyce, Richard5 n
- Juola, P., and Plunkett, K.386
- jurisprudence8–9, 182, 185–6, 188–9, 191–3, 203–5
- justice3, 35–6, 39, 52, 54, 155, 157, 176, 181, 190–1, 194, 201, 203–4, 209–11, 214–17, 221, 225–6, 259
- historical174–5
- justification of belief67, 688–90, 693, 695, 697
- analyses of696–7
- circular70 n
- doxastic68–9
- inferential73
- propositional68
- structure of73
- justified constraint50
- Kamin, Leon836
- Kamm, F. M.48–9
- Kant, Immanuel8, 39, 42–3, 51, 56, 122, 243, 249, 254, 260, 622, 631–2, 739–42, 768, 801–2, 811, 868
- Kaplan, M.686 n
- Kauffman, Stuart827
- Keeley, Brian841
- Kenneally, T.122
- Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. B., and Martin, C. E.240
- Kirkham, R. L.458 n
- Kittay, Eva53 n
- Klein, P.691 n
- Kneale, W. C.794–5
- Knobe, Joshua354
- know-how320
- knowledge argument, the314–21, 328
- objection from egocentric knowledge to317–18
- knowing one thing under different guises objection to318–19
- fallacy of inferring new properties from new concepts objection to319
- objection from hard-to-spot-patterns to319–20
- and intentionalism328–9;
- knowledge-that321
- Kolodny, Niko109 n
- Kornblith, H.685 n
- Kratzer, Angelika538
- Kripke, Saul288–9, 297, 397–402, 406–10, 417, 420, 423–4, 558, 564, 569, 570, 572–3, 576, 577, 579, 582, 586, 587 n, 591, 595, 602 n, 742–3, 785
- Kroon, Fred409
- Kvanvig, J.68
- Kvart, Igal506
- Kyburg, H.687 n
- Lakoff, George485
- Larmore, C. E.118 n
- Lange, M.799–801
- language of thought hypothesis, the292, 369–73
- and concept possession373–4
- and compositionality371
- and intentional realism370–1
- LaPorte, J.303
- laws (in philosophy of science)792–815, 841
- Friedman's Kantian view of laws of nature799, 801–2; See also Friedman, Michael
- Humean regularity accounts of laws of nature793–7, 811–12; See also causation See also as constant conjunction See also Hume, David
- Mill–Ramsey–Lewis account of laws of nature797–8
- and models804–8
- necessitarian views of laws of nature793–7, 812
- pragmatic806–8
- of science792
- and symmetries805–6
- and unificationist view of scientific progress798–9
- Leeds, S.459 n
- legal judgments7–8
- separability from moral judgements190, 192; See also separability thesis
- legal rules:
- constructivist approach to purpose of197–9;
- normativity of183
- practices theory of183
- of procedure186
- primary182–3
- secondary182–5, 187–8; See also Hart, H. L. A.
- Le-Grand, J.272
- Leming, J. S.121
- Levesque, Hector, J.601 n
- Levin, Michael772
- Levins, Richard, and Lewontin, Richard, C.828
- Lewis, David9, 17, 125, 129, 139, 264, 288 n, 407–10, 416, 419, 421–2, 456 n, 473, 475, 483, 488, 505–6, 509, 510, 514, 516, 521, 523, 526, 529, 543, 560, 562, 564, 567, 591–3, 595, 630, 636, 647 n, 688 n, 796–7
- Lewis, Peter774 n
- liberal democracies161–2
- liberal principles156, 161, 172–4, 176
- of freedom of association163, 165–6, 169; See also associations
- of freedom of religion160
- liberalism155–7, 159, 161–5, 167, 169, 171, 173, 175–7
- communitarian critiques of156
- feminist critiques of156
- multiculturalist critiques of156
- libertarianism162
- Linsky, Leonard556
- Lloyd, Genevieve235 n
- Locke, Don703 n
- Lockhart, Ted33 n
- Longino, Helen241
- Lorde, Audre254
- Louden,R. B.116 n
- Lowe,E. J.354
- Lucas, J. R.564
- Luce, R. Duncan, and Raiffa, Howard185
- Luper-Foy, S.684 n
- Lyons, David39 n
- Lyons, John540 n
- MacCormick, Neil192
- Macedo, Stephen163
- MacIntyre, A.122
- Mackie, Gerry217 n
- McAllister, J. W.772
- McClelland, J. L., and the PDP Research Group382
- McCloskey, H. J.36 n
- McConnell, Michael W.160
- McDowell, John4 n, 5 n, 17, 64 n, 66 n, 70 n, 71 n, 92–3, 117, 118 n, 193, 286 n, 291 n, 297 n, 693 n, 720 n, 726
- McGowan, Mary Kate242 n
- McKenna, M.141 n
- McKeown-Green, Jonathan419–20
- McLaughlin, B. P., and Warfield, T. A.384
- McNaughton, D.70 n
- Madison, J., and Hamilton, A., et al274
- Maguire, A. M.390
- Maher, P.684 n
- Makin, G.286 n
- male experience58
- Malm, Heidi49 n
- Manning, John197
- Margolis, E., and Laurence, S.125
- market deregulation261–2
- Markus, H. R., and Kitayama, S.132
- Marr, D.375–6
- Marr's three levels of explanation375–6
- Marshall, J. C., and Halligan, P. W.389
- Masters, W. H., and Johnson, V.240
- materialism See physicalism
- Matheson, Carl770
- Mathews, K. E., and Cannon, L. K.118
- Matsui, Tomoko483 n
- Maxwell, Grover772
- meaning427–433, 446, 449, 451, 457–458
- change302–3
- and phemes434–6, 440;, See also Austin, J. L.434, 436
- and speech427–8
- and speech acts See speech acts theory of428–9, 431
- and understanding See understanding utterances and uptake433–4, 436; See also Austin, J. L. See also speech acts
- utterer's meaning429–32;, See also Grice, H. P.429–30, 475; See also Grice, H. P.
- Meinong, A284 n
- Melden, A. I.351
- mental states283, 311, 315, 323, 329, 364
- beliefs about one's current mental states691–2
- conscious313, 325; See also consciousness
- phenomenal312–14; See also phenomenology
- non-phenomenal312
- realism about311–12
- sensory325
- mental syntax292–3
- mentalese292–3
- Merleau-Ponty, M.726
- Merritt, M.116 n
- meta-legal questions7–8
- metaphysics63–4
- Milgram, Elijah92
- Miller, G. A.358
- Miller, R.66
- Mills, Susan, and Beatty, John822
- Milner, A. D., and Goodale, M. A.389
- minimax concession principle50
- Mintoff, Joe51
- Mischel, W.118–19
- Mitchell, Sandra829–30
- modality534–606
- alethic modal logics536, 540, 543, 550–1, 555, 560–1, 563, 567, 581, 588–90; Blanché's hexagon, 548, 551, 553
- hexagon of opposition542–3
- modularity of mind376, 385
- and belief fixation378
- and central systems377–9
- and cognitive neuropsychology379–81
- and domain specificity376–9
- and information encapsulation376–7
- massive modularity379
- nine marks of376–7
- Molnar, G.794–5
- Moltmann, Frederika639
- monists about the good3
- Moody-Adams, M.78 n
- Moore, Michael182 n
- Moorean definition:
- of an all-things-considered reason to act25–6; See also reasons See also Sidgwickian definition of the evaluative See also Sidgwickian definition of the good
- moral autism55
- moral beliefs5, 43, 63, 67, 74, 77–8, 142, 264–5
- social factors in production of76
- social factors in justification of81–2; See also epistemology See also justification of beliefs
- moral epistemology moral development in children57
- moral dilemmas32
- moral emotions107–9
- moral motivation87, 95–9, 123–8
- problems presented by psychopathy andsociopathy for internalist theories of124–8; See also motivation
- moral psychology9, 49, 55, 86–8, 96, 98–9, 107, 117, 119, 122, 124
- cognitivist and non-cognitivist approaches to100
- Moran, Richard100
- Morris, Charles468
- Morris, Christopher54 n
- Morris, Desmond238–40
- Morris, Herbert109
- Mortensen, Chris567
- motivation and desire87–90
- Humean theory of88, 104–5; See also moral motivation
- Mulgan, Tim37 n
- multiculturalists157–60
- Mumford, S.811
- Murphy, Liam37
- Murray, John, D.835
- narrow properties298–9
- Neander, Karen829
- negative existentials See Russell's problem of negative existentials
- Nelkin, Dorothy, and Tancredi, Laurence840
- neo-Russellianism (about propositional attitude reports)289–96
- Nerlich, G.618–19
- Neta, Ram710 n
- neuroscience311
- Newcomb's problem22
- Nichols, S.124–8
- Noddings, Nel57
- non-descriptivist (or anti-descriptivist) theories406–8, 421–4
- about the semantics of names405, 424; See also Kripke, Saul
- about the semantics of natural kind terms405, 424; See also Kripke, Saul
- non-existent objects284 n
- non-tuism (in economics)265–6
- norms of equality161
- norms of etiquette9
- Nowell-Smith, P. H.72
- Nozick's experience machine33
- Nucci, L.127
- O'Connor, T.335 n
- O'Leary-Hawthorne, John, and Cortens, Andrew655
- O'Shaughnessy, B.355
- objects of thought284
- Olson, E. T.632
- Open Question Argument14
- Oppy, Graham563
- Oster, George, and Wilson, E. O.827
- Palmer, F. R.541 n
- Pap, Arthur567
- Papafragou, Anna, and Musolino, Julien472 n
- Parekh, Bhikhu159
- Paretian assumption of welfare economics266–7
- Pargetter, Robert583–6
- Parry, William T., and Hacker, Edward A.598
- Pateman, Carole52 n
- Pearl, J.810
- Pearle, P., and Bell, J.854
- Penfield, W.343
- Pennock, Robert839
- perception701–36
- and awareness702
- and illusions or hallucinations708, 710, 714, 717–18, 722, 725, 727–8, 731, 734; See also arguments from illusion or hallucination
- mediated perception or mediated objects of701, 703, 705–8, 710, 714, 716, 722; and naive realism, 715–18, 720, 722, 724–7, 731, 733, 735
- of non-physical entities708–9, 714–15, 718, 726
- phenomenalists about701
- Perry, Ruth233 n
- Perry, Stephen192
- personal versus sub-personal levels of description and explanation (in cognitive science, philosophy of mind, philosophy of psychology and psychology)359–60, 364
- and the intentional stance360; See also Dennett, D. C.
- personal level notions363
- personal level intentionality363–4
- metaphorical use of personal level notions in sub-personal level descriptions361
- Peterson,D.R.118
- philosophy of biology819–42
- Darwinianism and religion839–40
- and functions828–9
- and the notion of biological information834–5
- and the notion of a species830–2
- and pluralist conventionalism825–6
- and the pluralist hierarchical view of selection825
- and reduction833–4
- and the relation between molecular and classical genetics833–4
- philosophy of causation506, 508, 511, 514
- and research on statistical data and causal structures530–1
- philosophy of cognitive science359
- prospects for387–90
- philosophy of linguistics478
- philosophy of perception388
- philosophy of psychology298
- philosophy of the social sciences807
- physical sciences, the310–11
- Pidgen, Charles74 n
- Pierce, C. S.456 n
- Pinker, S.304
- Pitcher, George703 n
- Platts, Mark265
- Plaut, D. C.385–6
- Pocock, J.264
- political:
- procedures209, 212–13, 215–16, 219, 224; See also proceduralism See also procedural values
- Pörn, Ingmar556 n
- Port, R. F., and van Gelder, T.387
- Porte, Jean580 n
- Posner, Richard203 n
- Pouget, A., and Sejnowski, T. J.383
- pragmatics468–95
- and Grice's maxims of manner470–1
- and Grice's maxims of quantity470–1
- and Grice's maxims of relation470–1
- Gricean approaches to469, 473, 475–6, 484–5; See also Grice, H. P.
- and implicatures468, 472–3, 476–7, 479–484, 486, 489, 493;, See also Grice, H. P. inferential478, 491
- and the literal versus figurative meaning distinction485–7
- and speech act theory491–4; See also speech acts
- and speaker's meaning469, 473–5, 479–81, 491–2, 494–5; See also Grice, H. P. See also meaning, utterer's meaning
- and tropes485–7
- and vagueness487–8
- preference utilitarianism15
- Prigogine, Ilya866
- principle of permissible harm48
- principle of utility35
- prisoner's dilemma, the266
- problem of apocalyptic retaliation strategies51
- problem of incentive-compatibility (in economics)264
- propositional fragments294
- prosopagnosia388–9
- prudence, accounts of32
- psychological states291, 298
- internalism about the content of300–1; See also narrow content
- externalism about the content of300–2; See also wide content
- psychology293–5, 316, 358
- cognitive revolution in358; See also cognitive science
- computational374–5; See also computational theory of mind
- Purkinje, Johannes718 n
- qualia330
- Quine, W. V.115, 294, 367–9, 459 n, 465, 617, 622, 685, 739, 742, 749, 751–2, 759, 771, 778 n, 780, 781 n
- Quinton, Anthony236
- Rabinowicz, W., and Segerberg, K.578 n
- Rabinowicz, Woldek, and Rønow-Rasmussen, Toni17
- Rachels, James47
- Radin, Margaret Jane195
- Ramsey, W., and Stich, S., and Garon, J.385
- rational nature42
- rationalism in ethics8
- rationality692
- Rawls, John3–4, 10, 32 n, 36 n, 52–4, 70, 75, 98, 108 n, 138, 165, 175 n, 176, 211, 213–16, 225–7, 259–60, 262–3
- reason and rationality:
- accounts of32
- desirability characteristic of reasons14
- requirements and ideals of reason20–5; See also desirability characteristic of actions See also norms of reason and rationality
- reasons: agent-neutral reason35 n
- agent–relative reasons35
- all-things considered reason15
- all-things considered reason to act17–18
- explanatory88–90
- motivating90; See also action, reasons for
- Redhead, M. L. G.618
- Redstockings Collective66
- reference285–8, 292–7, 397, 400, 433, 436–8, 461, 470, 682, 697, 786
- direct403–5
- and causal–historical chains of reference determination401–2, 406, 419–20; See also Kripke, Saul See also McKeown-Green, Jonathan
- reflective equilibrium3–5, 52, 73–4, 76, 138 n, 259
- wide reflective equilibrium66–8, 74–5, 77; See also Rawls, John
- representationalism about experience322, 326
- and externalism331–2
- and narrow content332; See also narrow content
- and wide content332; See also wide content
- Richards, David52 n
- Ridge, Michael54 n
- Risse, Mathias210 n
- Rivière, Claude538 n
- Roberts, Robert C.106 n
- Robinson, H.726
- Robinson, Richard537–40
- Rolls, E. T.383
- Rorty, Amèlie Okensberg103
- Rosati, C. S.129 n
- Rosenberg, J.288 n
- Rosenblum, Nancy164–7
- Roskies, A.126–7
- Ross, L., and Nisbett, R. E.120 n
- Rousseau98
- Routley, Richard, and Meyer, Robert K.573 n
- and Plumwood, V. Meyer, R. K., and Brady, R. T.567
- and Routley, Valerie566
- Ruetsche, Laura855 n
- Rumfitt, Ian450
- Sadock, Jerry491 n
- Saito, Setsuo583 n
- Salmon, Wesley506
- Sandel, Michael52–3
- Sanford, D. H.550
- Sankey, Howard771 n
- Sarkar, Sahorta834–5
- Sartre, Jean-Paul250
- Sauriol, Pierre542
- Saver, J. L., and Damasio, A. R.126
- scepticism (in ethics):
- about normative ethics3–5
- scepticism65, 80, 681, 683, 688–9, 704–5
- about justified true belief686; See also belief See also justified true See also justification (of beliefs)
- Schaffer, Jonathan519
- Schauer, Frederich196 n
- Scheibe, E.802–3
- Schick, F.265
- Schueler,G.F.88
- Schumm, George F.576
- Schurz, Gerhard580 n
- scientific concepts304
- scientific realism517, 767–88
- and anti-realism See anti-realism (in philosophy of science)
- epistemic definitions of770–1
- semantic definitions of770–1
- Segerberg, Krister556
- Seidenberg, M.S.386
- self-regard (in economics and political philosophy)266–71
- Sellars, Wilfrid724 n
- semantics63–64, 468, 479, 488
- linguistic versus conceptual478
- semantics versus pragmatics distinction475–8, 494; See also pragmatics
- Sen's ‘liberal paradox’262
- Seuren, Pieter540
- Shallice, T.380
- Sher, G.117 n
- Sherman, N.117 n
- Shope, R.696 n
- Shweder, R. A., and Bourne, E. J.132
- Sider, Ted676
- Sidgwick's rational egoist35 n
- Simon, Herbert271
- Skinner, Q.264
- Smith, P.684 n
- Smith, P., and Jones, O. R.633
- Smolensky, P.383–4
- Snowdon, P. F.726 n
- social externalism301–2
- societal cultures17–23
- Sosa, Ernest80
- Spelman, Elizabeth57
- Sperber, Dan379
- Splitter, Laurence832
- Stampe, Dennis92
- Stoerig, P., and Cowey, A.388
- Stoljar, Daniel, and Nagasawa, Yujin317 n
- Suarez, Susan239
- Sumner, W. G. 130 Sunstein, C. R.223 n
- Sunstein, Cass R.166
- Svavarsdòttir, S.124 n
- Svensson, Frances176
- Swaine, Lucas A.160
- Swanton, Christine106 n
- Swinburne, R. G.619
- Symons, Donald241
- tacit knowledge756
- and explicitness384
- Evan's dispositional response to Quine's challenge to368
- of grammar359, 365–9; See also Chomsky, Noam
- and I-languages365–6
- and innateness367
- Quine's challenge to367–8
- of rules of inference373
- of semantics368–9
- Tamir, Yael172
- Taylor, Charles166
- Taylor, Gabriele108 n
- Tehovnik et al718 n
- Tetlock, P.E.137 n
- Thompson, J.335 n
- Thompson, Janna175
- Thompson, R. P.822
- Thornhill, Randy, and Palmer, Craig838
- and A-concepts625–6
- C-series622; See also McTaggart, J. M. E.
- and cosmology618–19
- as the form of inner sense631–2; See also Kant, Immanuel
- the new theory of626–8
- and reference frames618–19
- and seeing events as present626
- and the special theory of relativity615–19, 631; See also Einstein, A. See also special theory of relativity
- and successful action628–30
- and theories that contain reality to the present619–20; See also Prior, A. N.
- and theories that contain reality to the past and present619–20; See also Broad, C. D.
- Tinbergen, Niko829–30
- toxin puzzle51
- Travis, Cheryl838
- trolley problem in ethics, the46–7
- truth454–66
- anaphoric theory of464; See also Brandom, Robert
- Davidson's theory of456–7; See also Davidson, Donald
- pragmatic theory of456–7
- proof theory of456–7
- redundancy theory of458–60
- Tarski's theory of458, 460–2; See also Tarski, A.
- Tsohatzidis, Savas491 n
- Turiel, E., Killen, M. and Helwig, C.127
- Turner, Kenneth475 n
- Tversky, A., and Kahneman, D.139
- Tyler, T. R.272
- and communicative intentions438
- of declarative sentences440
- gaining knowledge on the basis of443–4
- and reasons for disbelief442
- and reasons for taking them to be false442
- and reasons for taking them to be true441–2
- rhetic understanding: of utterances436, 438–40, 444–8, 450–1; as similar to an inferential capacity, 444–5, 449; as practical knowledge, 444; as propositional knowledge, 444; and truth, 440
- unilateral visual neglect389–90
- utilitarianism16, 31, 34–7, 43–5, 96, 98, 116, 117 n, 122, 138, 145, 228, 259
- all-pervasive problem for36
- overriding problem for36
- demandingness problem for36
- rule utilitarianism39
- Valberg, J. J.721 n
- Vallar, G.390
- values31, 43, 97, 103, 105
- of actions93–4
- buck-passing theory of17–18
- desire satisfaction theories of34
- evaluative hedonism theory of32
- fitting attitude theory of17
- ideal observer theory of17
- incommensurability of32
- objective list theory of34
- perfectionism about34
- response dependent theories of
- unconditional value42
- unified theory of32
- theory of31–2
- values are like secondary qualities theory of17
- van der Auwera, Johan475
- van Dyke, Vernon176
- van Roojen, Mark49 n
- van Rooy, Robert475
- Vanderveken, Daniel475
- Veltman, Frank541
- Vernon, P. E.118
- Viroli, M.264
- virtue ethics31, 43, 49, 54–7, 116
- Humean approach to55
- and moral education120–2
- neo-Aristotelian approach to55
- sentimentalist form of55
- situationist critique of118–23
- Walker, R. C. S456 n
- Wansing, Heinrich556
- Watkins, E.811
- Watson, J. B.358
- Waulchow, W. J.187
- Weinberg, J., Nichols, S., and Stich, S.141 n
- Weinrib, Ernest J.203 n
- Weiskrantz, L388
- Westermarck, E.130
- Wharton, Time493 n
- White, Alan R.538
- Whyte, J. T.629
- Widerker, David559 n
- Wigner, E. P.849
- Williams, Bernard20, 37, 44, 70, 71 n, 92–3, 96, 97 n, 98, 102, 108–9, 116–17, 120, 122, 132, 136, 138, 145, 558 n, 729 n
- Williams, C. E.622
- Williams, George, C.823–4
- Williams, M.688 n
- Williams, Mary821
- Williams, S. G.578 n
- Williamson, T.305, 546 n, 564 n, 567 n, 684 n, 687 n, 688 n, 689 n, 692 n, 693 n, 694, 698 n, 729 n, 781 n
- Wilson, E. O.837–9
- Wilson, M.303
- Wiseman, C.544
- Woodward, J. F.810
- Worrall, J.785
- Wright, C.686 n
- Wright, Larry829–30
- Wundt, Wilhelm358
- Yablo, Stephen526–7
- Young, A. W.388
- Zapf, Christian, and Moglen, Eben195
- Zimmerman, Dean676
- zombies314
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