
Contents
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The Grand Strategies of Small States and Great Powers: Similarities and Differences The Grand Strategies of Small States and Great Powers: Similarities and Differences
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What Are the Determinants of Small State Grand Strategy? What Are the Determinants of Small State Grand Strategy?
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Classical Small State Grand Strategy: Hiding and Shelter-Seeking Classical Small State Grand Strategy: Hiding and Shelter-Seeking
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Contemporary Small State Grand Strategy Contemporary Small State Grand Strategy
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Transforming Hiding and Shelter-Seeking Transforming Hiding and Shelter-Seeking
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From Defensive to Offensive Grand Strategy: The Competent Performance of Vulnerability From Defensive to Offensive Grand Strategy: The Competent Performance of Vulnerability
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When Are the Grand Strategies of Small States Successful? When Are the Grand Strategies of Small States Successful?
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Conclusion Conclusion
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Note Note
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References References
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30 The Grand Strategies of Small States
Get accessAnders Wivel is a Professor of International Relations in the Department of Political Science, University of Copenhagen. He has published widely on foreign policy, realism, and small states in international relations, including articles in e.g., International Affairs, International Studies Review, Ethics and International Affairs, Global Affairs, and European Security. His most recent book is Oxford Handbook of Peaceful Change in International Relations (Oxford University Press, 2021; co-edited with T. V. Paul, Deborah W. Larson, Harold Trinkunas, and Ralf Emmers).
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Published:08 September 2021
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Abstract
This article discusses the nature, opportunities and limitations of small state grand strategy. It identifies the similarities and differences between the grand strategies of small states and great powers and unpacks the nature of traditional defensive small state grand strategies hiding and shelter-seeking as well as more recent offensive, influence-seeking small state grand strategies under the heading of smart state strategy. The article argues that while small state grand strategy remains tied to national security and is formulated in the shadow of great power interests, a changing security environment creates both the need and opportunity for small states to use their weakness instrumentally for maximizing interests. The likelihood of success depends on a pragmatic political culture and the willingness and ability to prioritize goals and means to utilize their nonthreatening small state status in “smart” or “entrepreneurial” policies.
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