
Contents
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Monastic Education: The Early Middle Ages Monastic Education: The Early Middle Ages
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The Central Middle Ages and the Beginnings of a Youth Culture The Central Middle Ages and the Beginnings of a Youth Culture
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From School to University: Identities and Institutions From School to University: Identities and Institutions
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Late Medieval Countercultures: The Friars Late Medieval Countercultures: The Friars
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The Early Modern University: Reformations The Early Modern University: Reformations
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An Aristocratic University An Aristocratic University
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Notes Notes
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Further Reading Further Reading
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2 Monastic and University Education in the Medieval and Early Modern West
Get accessAndrew Reeves, Associate Professor of History, Middle Georgia State University
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Published:13 October 2021
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Abstract
Monasteries, cathedral schools, and, from the thirteenth century, universities served as incubators for youth culture in medieval and early modern Western Europe. The young men who trained in these institutions developed an identity as a set of future elite professionals within the Church. As a social class of male elites, the student bodies’ cultural patterns included hazing rituals as well as a performance of such masculine values as violence, competitiveness, and heteronormative sexuality. How student youth culture expressed itself in institutions shifted over the course of more than a millennium. A self-conscious youth culture emerged within the more urban milieu of Europe’s cathedral schools in the twelfth century. When the orders of friars, both Franciscan and Dominican, emerged in the thirteenth century, their lifestyle of simplicity, poverty, and asceticism appealed to students because it offered a counterculture opposing both careerism and performative masculinity that characterized university youth culture. In the sixteenth century, the Protestant Reformation began as a youth counterculture that rejected the Church itself. Over the later Middle Ages and early modern period, student bodies increasingly came to be composed of aristocrats and the wealthy, and thus university culture came to be an element of elite youth culture.
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