
Published online:
21 November 2012
Published in print:
05 June 2012
Online ISBN:
9780199971060
Print ISBN:
9780195337228
Contents
End Matter
Index
-
Published:June 2012
Cite
'Index', in Marc R. Rosenblum, and Daniel J. Tichenor (eds), Oxford Handbook of the Politics of International Migration, Oxford Handbooks (2012; online edn, Oxford Academic, 21 Nov. 2012), https://doi.org/, accessed 10 May 2025.
Subject
Politics
Series
Oxford Handbooks
Collection:
Oxford Handbooks Online
Index
- Abdulmutallab, Umar Farouk521
- Act to Discourage the Immigration to This State of Persons Who Cannot Become Citizens (California)435
- Act to Prevent the Further Immigration of Chinese or Mongolians to This State (California)435
- Act to Protect Free White Labor Against Competition with Chinese Coolie Labor (California)435
- Adamic, Louis417
- Adams, John275
- Addams, Jane416–417
- Advanced Passenger Information System586
- advocacy groups, lobbying by333
- Africa
- displaced population integration in66
- female genital cutting practice in69
- gender issues in the Cameroons489
- large-scale migrations from143–144
- and migration issues372
- 1968 Africanization policy in Kenya157
- regionalism in584–585
- African immigrants
- visas for U.S. immigration for255
- African Union (AU)584
- afro-descendent and indigenous peoples461
- Agiprocessors Inc.296
- Al-Huda women's network226
- Alien Friends Act of 1798275
- al Shehi, Marwan524–525
- al Turabi, Hassan524
- al Zawahiri, Ayman523
- Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union (ACTWU)559
- American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)619
- American Development Bank86
- American Health Care Association627
- American Hotel and Lodging Association627
- Americanism415–416
- American Legion333
- American Protective Association (APA)279
- amnesty programs622
- Andean Community585
- Andean Labour Migration Instrument585
- Anglo-Americans462
- anomie307
- antidiscrimination laws, immigration and155
- Anti-Federalists League (UK)158
- antigang, antiterror, and antidrug policies471
- anti-immigrant radical Right parties154
- APEC Business Mobility Group586
- APEC Business Traveller Card586
- Arab American organizations334
- Arab immigrants292
- Aristide, Jean-Baptiste92
- Arizona Taxpayers and Citizens Protection Act297
- Armey, Dick624
- arranged marriages225
- Ashcroft, John292
- Asia35
- Asian Americans
- assimilation of384–385
- in civic and political activities176–177
- gender and family issues494–496
- interracial/interethnic marriages among392
- transnationally engaged183–184
- Asian immigrants
- and Africa Americans200
- exclusion of434–436
- Protestant207–208
- U.S. immigration laws and increase in287–288
- and U.S. naturalization175
- in U.S. population285–286
- Asian Indian occupational niches195
- Asian Punjabis, South217
- Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)366
- Asiatic Barred Zone Act435
- Assemblies of God in America208
- assimilation, cultural89, 257, 383–385, 405–406
- Asian American children391–395
- Chinatown and Koreatown in Los Angeles396–399
- multilevel social integration399–405
- perspectives385–388
- theory of segmented assimilation389–391
- Vietnamese refugee children in New Orleans399–405
- Assimilation in American Life: The Role of Race, Religion, and National Origins (Gordon)418
- Associated Builders and Contractors627
- Association for American Universities333
- astronaut families494–495
- Asylum and Migration Policy (EU)536
- asylum seekers296
- from Central America289
- from developed countries66
- humanitarian visas for255–256
- labor migration and85
- labor unions and asylum policies536
- asylum-seeking migration575
- asylum shopping364–365
- Atlanta, Georgia30
- attitudes See immigration attitudes
- Australia
- as destination for migrants35
- effect of immigration on employment in111
- immigration surplus in115
- and impact of immigration on wages110
- jus soli citizenship in257
- Vietnamese migrant homes in222
- visa point system in254
- authorized immigrants39
- Balladur, Edouard163
- Bangladeshi Americans392
- banking industry, remittance business and world86
- Barber, Brendan543
- beggar-thy-neighbor policies368
- Belgium178
- Belgium's Royal Commission on Policy towards Immigrants165
- “beneficial brain gain,”134
- Bene Israel immigrants223
- bifocal vision approach, with transborder migrants467
- bilateral approaches to managing migration263–266
- bilingual education203
- blackness462
- black utility heuristic444
- Blair, Tony160
- Bollywood movies234–235
- Bolshevik Revolution56
- border enforcement
- border control and the economy294–296
- border crossing cards295
- border passes295
- of EU's borders258
- U.S.-Canadian border258
- borders
- border crossings, and borderlands459–460
- colonial460–462
- international and national54
- regional borders within national borders463–466
- smuggled illegal border crossers518
- Bosnian women225
- bottom-up regionalism581–582
- boundary buildup581
- Bourne, Randolph417
- Box, John284
- “brain circulation,”132
- “brain gain,”134
- Bretton Woods system368
- British Conservative Party156–161
- British Labour Party156–161
- British National Front (BNF)158
- British Pakistani wedding rituals219
- British South Asian immigrants219
- Brown, Gordon161
- Buddhism207
- Buddhist temples207
- Burgess, John F.420–421
- Burma55
- business lobby332–333
- Byrd, Robert629
- California
- efficiency gains from immigration in118–119
- exclusion of Chinese immigrants in435
- farm workers in289–290
- fiscal impact of immigration in120
- Hindu homes in Southern222
- illegal immigrants in337
- Latina families in497
- Vietnamese-owned nail salons in193
- Vietnamese voters in Southern181
- California Foreign Miners’ License Tax435
- California Police Tax435
- California Supreme Court435
- California Vagrancy Act, 1855437
- Cambodian Americans392
- Cambodian immigrants396
- camp management cluster, UN's60
- Canada
- effect of immigration on employment in111
- and guest worker programs265
- immigrant selection in Quebec606
- international migrants in2
- Italian Canadians228
- jus soli and jus sanguinis citizenship rights257
- and naturalization in U.S.174–175
- political participation among Canadian immigrants439
- traveler partnership with U.S.266
- U.S.-Canadian border258
- wage inequality in112
- Caribbean
- female domestic workers193
- Caribbean Community (CARICOM)586
- Caribbean Single Market and Economy (CSME)586
- Cariceri, Don297
- Cartagena Declaration57–58
- Case, Clifford P.412
- Catholic Charities400
- Catholic cults229
- Catholic diaspora227–229
- Celler, Emanuel287
- chain migration288
- Changing Face of Home: Transnational Lives of the Second Generation, The (Levitt and Waters)95
- chaorders227
- chattel slavery432–434
- Chicago, Illinois205
- children of immigrants See second generation; See women; See women and children
- ChileGlobal145
- Chinatown, in Los Angeles396–399
- Chinatown Service Center (CSC)397
- Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association441
- Chinese immigrants
- exclusion of440–441
- gender and family issues494–495
- in NYC garment industry196–197
- and racial classification434–436
- racism against279–280
- in restaurant business191–192
- transnational engagement among184
- Chinese restaurants191–192
- Christian Coalition624–625
- Christian immigrants207
- Churches’ Committee for Migrants in Europe165
- Citizens Committee on Displaced Persons (CCDP)56
- citizenship
- based on ancestry and blood lineage257
- democratic606–610
- derivative485
- immigrant421–422
- migration and594–611
- naturalization and dual146
- U.S. immigration laws and applications for291
- visas and eligibility for256–257
- wages and immigrants who marry U.S. citizens108
- civic and community activities, immigrant participation in176–177
- Cleveland, Grover283
- client politics, interest groups and328
- closed territorial societies596–597
- cluster leadership approach60–61
- Code de la Nationalité Francaise (CNF)163
- codevelopment agreements266
- coethnics
- coethnic economies393
- coethnic political candidates447
- jobs and coethnic networks196–197
- U.S.-born181
- collaborative leadership approach60
- colocation139
- colonial borders460–462
- Commission on Immigration Reform, U.S.624
- Commission on Racial Equality (UK)165
- community, culture and216
- community-based organizations (CBOs)397
- comparative advantage theory362
- concentrated benefits and concentrated costs, interest groups and327–328
- concentrated benefits and diffuse costs, interest groups and327–328
- concentration camps57
- Confederation Francaise Democratique du Travail (CFDT)549–550
- Confederation of British Industry (CBI)542
- conflict-induced displacement56, 70–72
- early twentieth century56–57
- needs of conflict- and disaster-induced forced migrants67–70
- post-Cold War challenges58–61
- refugees, decolonization, and the Cold War57–58
- conflicts
- between physicians and immigrant patients206
- identity-based249
- immigration and economic conflict247–248
- Korean-African American200–201
- Congressional Budget Office, U.S.289
- Congressional Hispanic Caucus630
- consciousness, racial group446–448
- contact with immigrants, immigration attitudes and304
- Controlling Immigration: A Global Perspective (Cornelius et al.)573
- Corker, Bob629
- cosmic race461
- cosmopolitanism489
- Costa Rica489
- costs and benefits distributions, interests groups and327–328
- Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate (UN)523
- cricket219
- Criminal Alien Program, U.S.259
- criminalization provisions, and U.S. immigration policy171
- Crocker, E. P.279
- C-TPAT259
- Cuban Adjustment Act of 1966288
- Cuban-Haitian entrants288
- Cuban immigrants109, 114
- and African Americans199–200
- Catholic228
- political participation in U.S. politics440
- U.S. immigration policies and increase in288–289
- cultural pluralism416–418
- culture
- as discourse220
- as embodiment219
- as a field of relatedness, agency, and power217–219
- immigrant artistic creativity and the culture industries233–236
- public festivals, processions, and carnivals227–233
- rituals221–227
- sacralization of homes222–223
- translocation of215–216
- culture of migration487–490
- Current Population Survey, U.S.392
- Customs and Border Patrol (CBP), U.S.622
- Cyprus60
- Danish Progress and People's Parties311
- Davis, David160
- day laborers297
- decolonization57–58
- de Gaulle, Charles161
- de Gotari, Raul Salinas372
- demand-based systems, employment-based visas as253
- democratic citizenship606–610
- democratic cultural pluralism417–418
- demographic aging34
- demographic transition32
- denaturalization173
- Deng Xiaoping147
- Denmark
- education and immigration issues in114
- immigration control measures in260
- visa point system in254
- voting rights for immigrants in178
- Department of Justice (DOJ), U.S.292
- depression69
- derivative citizenship485
- developed countries
- asylum seekers in66
- demand for immigrants from34–35
- psychosocial service programs in69
- wages and low-skilled immigrants in110
- development, migration and132–141
- developmental pluralism421–422
- Dewey, John414
- diaspora channel135–136
- diaspora cultivation92
- diaspora effect139
- diaspora engagement91–92
- diaspora human capital139–140
- diasporas81, 97
- Catholic diaspora227–229
- and effects on political economy142
- and international criminal networks143
- nation-states and78
- diaspora stock-flow model139
- Dickstein, Samuel286
- diffuse benefits and concentrated costs, interest groups and327–328
- diffuse benefits and diffuse costs, interest groups and327–328
- diffuse reciprocity, multilateral361
- digital border crossing473–474
- Dillingham Commission283–284
- Dillingham, William283
- Directory for Population and Migrations, 1966 (France)161
- Displaced Persons’ Act, U.S.412–413
- displacement
- distributive justice, global603–606
- documents verification260
- domestic human capital139–140
- domestic violence484
- “don't touch my buddy” campaign (France)155
- Dorgan, Byron629
- Douglas, Paul557
- Drachler, Norman421
- drugs
- and deportation of Salvadoran immigrants471–472
- and international criminal networks143
- Mexican drug-trafficking organizations520
- Dutch disease effects139
- Dutch National Bureau against Racism165
- Eastland, James619
- Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)584, 585
- Protocol Relating to Free Movement of Persons and the Right of Residence and Establishment584
- economic conflict, immigration and247–248
- economic effects of emigration on sending countries131–132, 146–147
- effects on political economy141–144
- international architecture and destination country policy144–145
- overview of migration and development132–141
- remittances and development136–140
- send-country policies145–146
- the return channel140–141
- economic effects of migration105–106, 121–123
- earnings107–111
- earnings inequality112–113
- economic growth116–117
- efficiency gains118–119
- employment and unemployment111–112
- fiscal impacts119–121
- labor market effects106–107
- macroeconomic effects115–116
- price effects114–115
- self-employment117–118
- skill and output mix113–114
- economic preferences, on immigration policy326
- economic protectionists617
- economic regionalism576–579
- economies of scale, efficiency gains and119
- education120
- Catholic schools278–279
- and Chinese children in California schools435
- foreign-educated returnees141
- and immigration issues in Denmark114
- and support for immigration302–303
- education lobby333
- efficiency gains, of immigration118–119
- egalitarianism307
- Egypt525
- Egyptian Islamic Jihad523
- Eisenhower, Dwight D.286
- electoral participation, immigrant177–182
- Elementary Forms of Religious Life, The (Durkheim)219
- elites135
- El Salvador63
- “emerging gateway” metropolitan areas30
- emigrant stocks133
- emigration250, 264
- costs associated with348
- and diaspora engagement92
- early Swedish emigration to U.S.33–34
- effects on sending countries131–147
- and free movement600–601
- Indian emigration to the U.S.139
- from Latin America35
- within sub-Saharan Africa35
- employer sponsorship253–254
- employment
- employment eligibility screening system260
- migrant inflows and job types113
- migration and economic effects of unemployment and111–112
- enforcement and prevention, immigration258–261
- enforcement gap268
- English-language ability
- barriers in public schools203
- job placements and191
- of Vietnamese American children400
- entered without inspection (EWIs)622–623
- entrepreneurship
- among return migrants140
- environmental disasters62–64
- environmentally induced migration42
- environmental refugees42
- equilibrium-restoring migration32
- Essential Worker Immigration Coalition (EWIC)627
- ethnic and national origin, visas issued on254–255
- ethnic diversity417
- ethnic enclave communities
- Chinatown and Koreatown in Los Angeles396–399
- Vietnamese children in New Orleans399–405
- ethnic group-employer coalition336
- Ethnic Heritages Act419
- Ethnic Heritage Studies Centers418–421
- ethnic tourism of immigrants86
- ethnoracial groups196
- ethnoracial identity446
- ethnoracial relations197–201
- Eurobarometer307
- Europe
- Arab Spring of 2011260
- documents verification in260
- effect of immigration on employment in111–112
- fiscal impacts of immigration in119
- immigrant self-employment rates in118
- immigration policy in249
- immigration surplus in115
- labor dilemmas in535–538
- low worker mobility in119
- and naturalization in U.S.175
- naturalizations in173–174
- political presence of immigrants in172
- transnational engagement among immigrants in184–185
- voting rights for immigrants in178
- European Catholics433
- European Convention of Human Rights549
- European Court of Justice587
- European integration586–587
- European mass migration, nineteenth- and early twentieth-century33–34
- European return fund146
- European social fund258
- European Trade Union Confederation541
- European Trade Union Council536
- European Union (EU)
- Asylum and Migration Policy536
- borders of581
- codevelopment agreements266
- efficiency gains from immigration in118
- fiscal impact of immigration in120–121
- freedom-of-movement clauses in EU treaties363
- illegal migrants in518
- immigration control measures in260
- Integration of Third Country Nations fund258
- labor dilemmas in536–537
- organized labor and544
- Posted Workers Directive537
- readmission agreements266
- Temporary Protection Directive63
- European voluntary workers (EVWs)539
- Evangelical churches208
- exit revolution601
- exit theory601
- Exit, Voice and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States (Hirschman)141
- expulsion598
- extreme Right parties310
- families
- matrifocal496
- mixed legal status families484
- naturalization, marital status, and children424–425
- remittances to family members137
- transnational493–498
- family businesses, immigrant women in493
- Farm Workers Association (FWA)559
- fascism56
- fatalities, migrant border471
- federal regulation, of immigration279–280
- feedback effects, of migrant remittances35–36
- female genital cutting practice69
- female henna rituals224–225
- femininity, and culture of migration487–490
- few defeat the many idea, the, interest groups and327
- Fiji134
- films, Bollywood movies234–235
- Finland178
- Flemish-Belgium Vlaams Blok311
- forced marriages225
- forced migration38, 39, 43, 53–55
- of convicts513
- forced migrants in Africa and Middle East372
- life cycle of65–67
- needs of conflict- and disaster-induced67–70
- slave trade144
- Ford Foundation334
- Ford, Gerald632
- foreign direct investment (FDI)349
- Foreign Influences in American Life (Bowers)416
- forever foreigner image394
- Fox, Liam159
- France
- displays of cultural differences in257
- expatriate voting in94
- fiscal impact of immigration in121
- headscarves issue in485–486
- immigration control measures in260
- jus soli citizenship257
- Malian immigrants in485
- organized labor and immigration policy in545–552
- Paris uprisings154
- rituals of Sufi immigrant women in223
- Francophone immigrants606
- freedom of exit601–603
- free migration39
- free migration area371
- free-rider problem, interest group327
- free-trade coalitions359
- free-trade policies360
- French Communist Party162
- French Confection (TV documentary)162
- French General Confederation of Labour (CGT)161
- Friends or Strangers: The Impact of Immigrants on the U.S. Economy (Borjas)352
- Frontex258
- fusion of the races461
- Gangmasters Licensing Act (UK)543
- Garifuna society in Honduras496
- garment industry196–197
- gender-based violence68
- gendered immigrant workplace490–493
- gender, family, and migration
- feminization of global migration flows482–484
- gendered immigrant workplace490–493
- gender, households, and transnational families493–498
- gender, the state, and the governance of migration484–487
- immigration attitudes and gender303
- masculinity, femininity, and the culture of migration487–490
- stories about478–482
- gender ideology494
- gender inequality495
- gender oppression497
- Geneva Conventions on Armed Conflict59
- Geneva Refugee Convention, 1951602
- genocide43
- Gentlemen's Agreement, 1907–1908281
- geography, immigration attitudes and305
- German Democratic Republic305
- Germany
- Catholic immigrants from277
- effect of immigration on employment in111
- ethnic heritage visas254–255
- fiscal impact of immigration in121
- immigration and political parties in155
- jus sanguinis and jus soli citizenship rights257
- migrant mobility in119
- naturalization criteria in West Germany356
- racism against German immigrants282
- returnees from140
- self-employed immigrants in118
- Ghanaian migrants218–219
- Gilpin, Robert350
- Gingrich, Newt624
- glass-ceiling barriers394
- global care work492
- global city354
- global distributive justice603–606
- Global Entry259
- global governance, migration and360–365
- globalization losers634
- global mobility521–522
- Globalscot145
- government lobby333
- Graham, Lindsey630–631
- Grant, Madison282
- Grassley, Charles629
- Greaser Act437
- greasers437
- Great Britain See United Kingdom
- Great Famine277
- Greece120
- Greenberg, Stan629
- gross national product (GNP)115
- group identity442–448
- Growing up American: How Vietnamese Children Adapt to Life in the United States (Zhou and Bankston)399–405
- Guardian159–160
- Gulf War523
- H4 visas484
- Hague589
- Hahn, James181–182
- Haitian immigrants, Catholic207
- Haitian Refugee and Immigrant Fairness Act of 1998289
- Handbook on Voting from Abroad (IDEA)93
- Hanson, Pauline310
- Hapsburg Empire56
- Harlem Désire155
- Hassidic Jews227
- Hayworth, J. D.291–292
- headscarves485–486
- health-care industry, West Indian women in194–195
- health insurance206
- Heath, Edward158
- hegemonic stability358
- henna rituals, female224–225
- herbs and remedies206
- High Commission for Refugees56
- high land-to-labor ratios143
- Highly Skilled Migrants Program (UK)540
- hijab (veil)225
- Hindu homes, sacralization of222
- Hinduism207
- Hindu temples207
- Hispanic immigrants
- and African Americans198–200
- as business owners118
- in construction industry295
- legalization issues and617
- Hispanic organizations334
- Hmong Americans392
- Home Bound: Filipino American Lives across Cultures, Communities, and Countries (Espiritu)484–485
- Hong Kong35
- hospitals204–206
- Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees Union (HERE)559
- Howard, Michael160
- Hoxha, Enver598
- Huckabee, Mike294
- Hughes, Bishop John278
- humanitarian immigrants256
- humanitarian intervention59
- humanitarianism307
- humanitarian law59
- humanitarian migration251
- humanitarian refugees257–258
- humanitarian visas255–256
- Huntington, Collis279
- Huntington, Samuel292
- hybrid films and books, culturally235–236
- hybrid systems, economic visas as254
- Iceland178
- identity politics430–431
- immigrant citizens in the U.S.410, 426
- civic education and multicultural and global nationhood418–421
- cultural pluralism and public image from the Great Depression to the Cold War416–418
- immigrant citizen and rise of state-empowered developmental pluralism421–422
- the immigrant community and naturalization422–423
- the immigrant in a revolutionary republic411–412
- local naturalization environments425–426
- marital status and children424–425
- progressive civic transculturalism413–416
- reinvention of the refugee images412–413
- return migration423
- immigrant emergencies293
- immigrant friends304
- immigrant-headed households, welfare program benefits in120–121
- immigrant participation171–172, 185–186
- civic and community engagement176–177
- electoral participation177–182
- naturalization patterns172–176
- transnational engagement182–185
- immigrant reception438–441
- immigrant rights groups334–335
- immigrant settlement industry439
- Immigrants National Commission (France)162
- immigrant transnationalism74–76, 97–98
- development of76–83
- everyday cross-border activity84–88
- home-country connection and immigrant offspring94–97
- home-country responses91–94
- homeland politics88–91
- importance of politics and place83–97
- Immigrant Workers Project (AFL-CIO)561
- immigrant workplace, gendered490–493
- immigration
- anti-immigrant sentiment290–292
- border control and the economy294–296
- federal regulation, 1875–1920s279–280
- immigrants, 1830s-1880s277–279
- a new nation and274–275
- and organized labor532–566
- racism and281–285
- renewed285–290
- renewed anxiety about290–294
- and transborder communities469–473
- Immigration Act of 1917 (U.S.)435
- Immigration Act of 1965 (U.S.)286–287
- immigration and organized labor532–533, 564–566
- dilemmas in the U.S.534–535
- France545–552
- labor dilemmas of Western Europe535–537
- policy dilemmas common to the U.S. and Europe537–538
- United Kingdom538–545
- United States553–564
- immigration attitudes, explaining301–302, 312–313
- across countries307–308
- over time308–309
- psychological approaches305–307
- socioeconomic approaches302–305
- immigration control258–261
- immigration, crime, and terrorism511–512, 526–527
- crime and terrorism as factors of migration512–515
- human smuggling515–519
- migration as a factor of crime519–521
- migration, mobility, and terrorism521–526
- immigration policy29, 31, 245–247, 252–253
- admissions policies253–256
- antigang, antiterror, and antidrug policies in471
- bilateral and multilateral approaches to managing migration263–266
- explaining266–268
- immigrant integration257–258
- immigrant legalization261–263
- immigration and economic conflict247–248
- immigration and international interests250–251
- immigration and political culture248–250
- interest group politics and324–339
- migration control258–261
- multidimensional politics of immigration policymaking251–252
- organized labor and532–566
- public opinion and311–312
- racial classification and429–449
- terms of admission256–257
- immigration preferences326–329
- Immigration Reform and Control Act, 1986 (IRCA), U.S.29, 31, 263, 289–290, 291, 293, 372, 484, 543, 554, 559, 560, 619, 620–621, 629, 635
- Immigration Restriction League283
- immigration surplus115–116
- Immigration Works USA298
- impelled migration39
- income
- of immigrants in Chinatown and Koreatown in Los Angeles396
- immigration attitudes and303
- of Vietnamese Americans400
- India
- Bollywood movies234–235
- citizenship rights in257
- immigration to U.S. after World War II286
- Indian emigration to the U.S.139
- Indian GDP139
- inducements for return to146
- Indian Ocean slave trade144
- indigenous peoples461
- indivisibility, multilateral361
- industrial restructuring, demand for immigrants and34
- Industrial Revolution33
- Inheriting the City (Kasinitz et al.)96
- in-migration and immigration28
- In Mortal Danger: The Battle for America's Border and Security (Tancredo)292
- Integration of the European Second Generation (TIES)184–185
- Integration of Third Country Nations (INTI) fund258
- intensity interest328
- Interagency Standing Committee (IASC) Guidance Note on Using the Cluster Approach60–61
- interest group coalitions329–330
- interest group politics and immigration policy324–326, 337–339
- creation of individual preferences326–327
- from preferences to organization and from organization to action333–337
- how groups seek to influence policy329–330
- how individual preferences are translated into organized groups327–329
- interest group effectiveness330–331
- preferences and groups in U.S. immigration politics331–333
- Intergovernmental Conference on Asylum, Refugees and Migration in Europe, North America, and Australia582
- internal migrant designation54
- international borders, persons crossing54
- International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD)582
- international criminal networks143
- international division of labor490
- international interests, immigration and250–251
- internationalists604
- International Ladies Garment Workers Union (ILGWU)559
- international law
- and internally displaced persons59
- on refugees251
- and those displaced by natural disasters62–63
- international migrants54
- international migration, regions and regionalism573–590
- International Migration Review573
- International Refugee Organization57
- international relations (IR), migration and345–373
- International Social Survey Programme307
- International Trade Organization (ITO)366
- interpreting services, hospital205
- interracial and interethnic marriages392
- IQ tests282
- Iranian immigrants222
- Ireland
- Great Famine in277
- and impact of immigration on wages109
- return immigration to146
- visas for U.S. immigration255
- voting rights for immigrants in178
- wage inequality in112
- Irish Echo194
- Irish Immigration Reform Movement336
- Iris Recognition Immigration System259
- Islamic migrants485
- Islamic study groups, female226
- Israel
- Bene Israel immigrant rituals in223
- effect of immigration on employment in111
- ethnic heritage visas to Jews255
- immigration surplus in115
- jus sanguinis citizenship257
- Law of Return255
- migrant inflows and production techniques in113
- North African Jewish immigrants in230
- price controls in114
- rituals of Filipina Catholic women in223–224
- Israeli-Palestinian conflict, 194857
- Jacoby, Tamar298
- jail screening programs259
- Japan
- as destination for migrants35
- immigration to U.S. after World War II286
- jus sanguinis citizenship257
- and migration issues372
- temporary work visas to descendants255
- UNHCR dependence on365
- Japanese American Citizens League334
- Jarrah, Ziad524–525
- Javits, Jacob288
- Jewish American interest groups334
- Jewish immigrants299
- Jewish lobby335
- Johnson, Hiram279–280
- Jordan, Barbara624
- Jordan Commission624
- Kalin, Walter62
- Kallen, Horace417
- Kearney, Dennis280
- Kennedy, John F.558
- Kerry, John172
- kidnapping514
- Kirkland, Lane559
- Kohl, Helmut525
- Korea35
- Korean Church Directory of America, The208
- Korean churches208
- Korean greengrocers192–193
- Koreans
- and African Americans200–201
- gender issues and immigrant women494
- health-related beliefs of205
- Koreatown in Los Angeles396–399
- racism against Korean immigrants281
- in U.S. Asian American communities392
- women and family issues495
- Korean Youth and Community Center (KYCC)397
- Krasner, Stephen350
- Kurdish Workers’ Party (PKK)523
- Kuwait2
- Kyl, Jon629
- labor See immigration and organized labor
- Labor Council for Latin American Advancement (LCLAA)559
- labor migration26, 28–30, 164
- and cross-border activities84–85
- homeland politics and89
- from Mexico to the U.S.578–579
- labor unions
- Change to Win Coalition in U.S.560–561
- in France548–552
- immigration attitudes and303
- immigration politics and332
- in United Kingdom540–545
- Lagan (Indian film)219
- land-to-labor ratios143
- Laotian Americans392
- large-scale refugee movements58
- Latin America
- Catholic immigrants from228–229
- Christian immigrants from207
- emigration from35
- expatriate voting in94
- immigrants from460
- and OAU/Cartagena Declaration57–58
- regionalism in585
- Latino immigrants
- Catholic207
- exclusion of440
- health-related beliefs of205
- in Evangelical and Pentecostal churches208
- and Korean grocery businesses193
- in meat-processing industry195
- Protestant207–208
- support for U.S. Democratic Party180
- transnationally engaged183
- and U.S. naturalization176
- Lautenburg Amendment of 1989299
- law See immigration laws; See international law
- Lawrence, Stephen165
- Leadership Conference on Civil Rights (AFL-CIO)559
- League of Nations56–57
- League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC)334
- Lefebvre immigration law (France)551
- Legal Immigration Family Equity Act of 2000, U.S.291
- Le Pen, Marine164–165
- Lesotho138
- Lewis, John L.560
- Liaison Bureau (Israel)334
- liberal internationalists604
- liberalism, and international political economy357–360
- linked fate concept444
- Lisbon Treaty, 2009589
- literacy tests283–284
- loi Bonnet547
- loi Chevenement547
- loi Debre547
- loi Hortefeux548
- loi Mehaignerie547
- loi Pasqua547
- loi Sarkozy548
- London School of Economics158
- long-distance nationalism142
- Los Angeles, California
- children of immigrants in184
- Chinatown and Koreatown in396–399
- exclusion of Latino immigrants in440
- Latina domestics in194
- migrant inflows and employment rates112
- Los Angeles Times285
- loss of limbs68
- low land-to-labor ratios143
- low-skilled immigrants31, 326
- fiscal impact of120
- homeland politics and88
- migration of85
- skills acquisition among113–114
- as wage and salary workers117
- Luxembourg595
- Lyon, Matthew275
- MacKinnon, George E.412
- macropolitical economy, effects of remittances on138–139
- Malaysia35
- male migrants2, 483
- asylum seekers66
- male gender roles486–487
- masculinity and culture of migration487–490
- malnutrition68
- Manifest Destiny461–462
- Marxism356
- Mason, Walter557
- mass-influx63
- materialism, immigration attitudes and306–307
- matrifocal family496
- Mazzoli, Romano619
- McKinley, William280
- Meany, George558
- media, portrayal of immigrants in the305
- medical labor force and immigration
- conflicts between physicians and immigrant patients206
- hospitals204–206
- West Indian women and health-care industry194–195
- medical lobby333
- mental health problems, among displaced persons69
- MERCOSUR585
- meshworks468–469
- mestizos461
- methodological nationalism74
- metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs)114–115
- Mexican Chicago, concept of460
- Mexican immigrants354
- and Korean grocery businesses193
- in Koreatown in Los Angeles396
- in meat-processing industry195
- migration experiences of indigenous463–465
- national identity of462
- occupational niches of195
- quota laws for284–285
- transnational engagement among184
- and U.S. naturalization175
- Mexican Migration Project (MMP)30
- Mexican Revolution461
- Mexico
- and Bush's support for immigration reform for626
- Christian immigrants from207
- crime in514
- drug-trafficking organizations from520
- female immigration from484
- international migration in134
- labor migration from Mexico to U.S.578–579
- mestizos in461
- migration and effects on politics in142
- 1990s financial crisis in354–355
- terrorists from292
- traveler partnership with U.S.266
- Tres Por Uno program145
- migrant border fatalities471
- migrant smugglers, migration industry and37–38
- migration
- and citizenship594–611
- crime and519–521
- culture of migration487–490
- four main classes of39
- mobility and terrorism521–526
- migration and international relations
- the emerging migration state369–373
- a global migration crisis?345–348
- liberalism and the IPE357–360
- migration and global governance360–365
- migration and IR theory351–352
- securitizing migration352–353
- strategies for regulating international migration365–369
- transnationalism and the globalization thesis353–357
- whither migration and international relations?348–350
- migration control258–261
- migration hump37
- Migration Policy Group (MPG)165–166
- migration theory25–27, 44–45
- defining a volitional dimension of38–44
- incorporating the temporal dimension into32–38
- refugee movements and40–41
- spatial dimension of27–32
- militarization and security, in transborder communities469–473
- Milner, Helen359
- Minutemen Civil Defense Corps628
- mixed legal status families484
- mobility transition32
- Montserrat63
- Morse, Samuel F. B.277
- mosques207
- motherhood, transnational493–494
- Movement Against Racism, Anti-Semitism and for Peace (France)155
- multilateral approaches to managing migration263–266
- multilevel social integration399–405
- multinational corporations (MNCs)350
- multiple citizenship609
- Murids230
- Nansen International Office for Refugees56
- Nansen passports56
- National and Local Government Officers Association (UK)541
- National Asian Pacific American Legal Consortium334
- National Association of Teachers (UK)541
- national borders, persons remaining within their54
- National Conference of State Legislatures297
- National Council of Chain Restaurants627
- National Council of Social Studies417
- National Guard, U.S.293
- National Immigration Forum624
- Nationality Act of 1948 (UK)539
- Nationality Act of 1964 (UK)539
- Nationality Act of 1981 (UK)539
- National Retail Federation627
- national security358
- Nations Unbound: Transnational Projects, Postcolonial Predicaments, and Deterritorialized Nation States (Basch et al.)77, 83, 91
- Native Americans279
- nativism439
- naturalization172–176
- Canadian application process for175
- criteria for West Germany356
- and dual citizenship146
- exclusion from431–438
- immigrant community and422–423
- marital status and children424–425
- pamphlets425–426
- petitioning for425–426
- promotion activities for175–176
- of ritual221–227
- those who do and do not naturalize174–175
- U.S. application process for175
- U.S. immigration laws and applications for291
- U.S. oath of naturalization411–412
- visas and eligibility for256
- voting by U.S. naturalized citizens178–182
- Nelson, Alan620
- Netherlands
- female henna rituals in224
- and impact of immigration on wages110
- naturalized citizens in174
- preclearance systems for travelers in259
- UNHCR dependence on365
- voting rights for immigrants in178
- networked governance582
- networks
- labor migration578–579
- and transborder communities468–469
- transnational369
- transnational advocacy network165–166
- new citizens, immigrants becoming414
- New Commonwealth countries540
- New Community166
- new destination states438
- New Jersey120
- newly industrialized countries35
- New Orleans, Louisiana399–405
- New York Board of Immigrant Commissioners276
- New York City
- anti-Catholic immigration laws in433
- Chinese restaurants in192
- debt bondage arrangements for migrants517
- garment industry in196–197
- human smuggling from China to516
- Italian festa in228
- Jewish neighborhoods in192
- Korean-African American conflicts in200–201
- Korean families in495
- Korean greengrocers in192–193
- Latino immigrants in Queens444
- multiethnic neighborhood in Queens197
- new forms of music in201
- terrorism and attacks of 9/11 in515
- West Indian carnival in232–233
- West Indian health workers in194–195
- West Indians and African Americans in198
- NEXUS program266
- Ngai, Mae620
- Nicaragua63
- Nigerian immigrants521
- nomadic groups595
- normative integration404
- North Africa367
- North African Jewish immigrants230
- North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)37, 295, 366, 367, 370, 372, 470, 535, 563, 576, 578, 581, 586
- North Carolina204
- Norwegian Progress Party311
- O'Connor, Herbert R.412
- Office National d'Immigration (France)545–546
- Office of the High Commissioner for All Refugees under League of Nation Protection56–57
- official development aid (ODA)367
- “off-whiteness,”437
- 1.5 generation392
- One America: The History, Contributions, and Present Problems of Our Racial and National Minorities (Brown and Roucek)416, 417
- Operation Gatekeeper470
- organizational costs, interest group327
- Organization for the African Union 1969 Refugee Convention54
- Organization of African Unity (OAU)57–58
- Organization of Chinese Americans334
- Orientalism (Said)215
- O'Sullivan, John461–462
- “other-whiteness,”437
- Otis, Harrison Gray274
- Ottoman Empire56
- Pacific, the35
- Page Act of 1875280
- participation See immigrant participation
- Patriot Act, 2001440
- patriotism, migrant long-distance89
- pay-as-you-go programs121
- per capita income133
- peripheral vision approach, with transborder migrants467
- permanent migration39
- permanent residents175
- persons other than Mexicans (OTMs)296
- Peruvian immigrants, Catholic228–229
- Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life206–207
- Philippines
- and guest worker programs265
- immigration to U.S. after World War II286
- ritual icons from229
- women and gender issues in494
- pioneer migrants36
- planned migration160
- Poland367
- political asylum514
- political culture, immigration and248–250
- political parties, effects of migration153–156, 167–168
- European Union politics and the Racial Equality Directive165–167
- France161–165
- Great Britain156–161
- immigration and party politics156–165
- politics
- homeland political involvement88–91
- immigrant electoral participation177–182
- immigrant political engagement participation176–177
- political persecution41
- political rights and democratic citizenship607
- Pompidou, Georges161
- Population Division (UN)595
- population mobility42–43
- populist parties and movements310–311
- Posted Workers Directive (EU)537
- post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)69
- Postville, Iowa472–473
- poverty
- in Chinatown and Koreatown in Los Angeles396–397
- global justice and605
- impact of remittances on138
- and Vietnamese Americans400
- preclearance systems, at ports of entry259
- prejudice417
- prevention and removal policies, in immigration control260
- prices, immigration and its effects on114–115
- primitive migration39
- principles, norms of conduct, multilateral361
- PRIVIUM259
- proactive migration40–41
- professional immigrant women491–492
- Programa de la Naciaones Unidas para el Desarollo86
- Promised Land, The (Antin)415
- prospect channel134
- protection, for displaced populations67–68
- protectionism359
- protectionist economic model35
- Protocol Relating to Free Movement of Persons and the Right of Residence and Establishment (ECOWAS)584
- provider of last resort concept61
- provisional visas256
- Psychosocial Working Group69
- public festivals, processions, and carnivals227–233
- public opinion
- causes of public support for xenophobic popuist parties and movements310–311
- characteristics of immigrant groups and immigration-related309
- and immigration policy311–312
- public schools See education
- public sphere, immigrant220
- Pucinski, Roman C.418–420
- Puerto Rican migrants497
- Qatar2
- quarantine laws433
- racial classification in the U.S.429–431, 448–449
- classifying, selecting, and excluding by race431–438
- context of immigrant reception438–441
- defining whiteness to assign rights436–438
- protecting chattel slavery and anti-Catholic nativism432–434
- racial identity and group consciousness442–448
- the yellow peril and Asian exclusion434–436
- racial identity and group consciousness442–448
- racial stereotyping394
- racism165, 166
- against Asian Americans394
- against Chinese immigrants279–280
- and immigration281–285
- immigration attitudes and306
- radical immigrants281
- radical Islamists250
- Rally pour la Republique (France)163
- reactive migration40–41
- realistic group conflict303
- receiving-country policies145–146
- reception, immigrant438–441
- referendum, immigration policy by325
- Refugee Act of 1948, U.S.413
- Refugee Act of 1980, U.S.288
- Refugee Convention (OAU)57
- refugees26, 38–39
- decolonization, and the Cold War57–58
- designation as54
- environmental42
- and forced displacement66–67
- global refugee population346
- humanitarian257–258
- humanitarian visas and255
- image of412–413
- international interests over251
- labor migration and85
- misuse of term “refugee”71
- Muslim refugees and events of 9/11440
- needs of displaced67–70
- post-Cold War and refugee issues58–61
- resettlement programs440
- UN's solutions for54–55
- Vietnamese refugee children399–405
- refugee studies40–42
- refugee theory40
- regional borders, and national borders463–466
- regional consultation processes (RCPs)582
- regions and regionalism573–574
- economic effects of regionalism576–579
- European Union586–589
- forms and types of regionalism574–576
- overview of existing regional structures583–586
- renewed interest in579–583
- Reid, Harry615
- reintegration, of displaced populations67
- remittance flows136
- renewed immigration285–290
- replacement migration34
- resettlement programs67
- Resisting Protectionism: Global Industries and the Politics of International Trade (Milner)359
- reterritorialization458
- Reuther, Walter558
- Revolutionary War, American275
- Riess-Passer, Susanne167
- right-wing conservative parties154
- rituals221–227
- Rodino, Peter619
- Roosevelt, Franklin D.416
- Ross, Edward A.282
- Rubio, Marco633
- Rushdie, Salman235–236
- Russia518
- Russian Federal Security Service518
- Russian Federation2
- Russian organized crime519–520
- Russian Revolution of 1917281
- sacralization rituals222
- Salinas, Carlos578
- Saltonstall, Leverett412
- Sandoval, Brian633
- San Francisco, California
- Russian immigrants in492
- Satanic Verses, The (Rushdie)235–236
- Saturday Evening Post284
- Schattschneider, E. E.633
- Schumacher-Matos, Edward617
- Schumer, Charles630–631
- Schüssel, Wolfgang167
- “science” of anthropology436
- science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields117
- seasonal male migration489
- second generation (children of immigrants)
- Asian American392–395
- and ethnic niche jobs in NYC197
- family and domestic rituals and225
- new culture creation by201
- and translocation of culture217
- transnational engagement among184
- transnationalism and94–97
- Vietnamese refugees399–405
- second generation decline387
- Secure Communities259
- security communities513
- segmented labor market (SLM) theory28
- Select Commission on Immigration and Refugee Policy (SCIRP)336
- selective immigration164
- self-determination, democratic607–608
- self-identity442
- sending countries, economic effects of emigration on131–147
- sending-country policies145–146
- Senegalese migrants230
- Sensenbrenner, James628
- SENTRI program266
- September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks of153, 196, 292, 346, 372, 440, 470, 511, 515, 518, 521, 522, 524, 555, 623, 626
- service-based economy, and demand for immigrants34
- Service Employees International Union (SEIU)559
- shelter, for displaced populations69
- Sidgwick, Henry603
- Sierra Club334
- Sierra Leonian Muslim women225
- Simcox, Chris628
- Simpson-Mazzoli Act629
- Singapore35
- Single European Act589
- single-issue party159
- Six Companies441
- social diffusion theory33
- social effects of immigration190, 208–209
- hospitals204–206
- immigrants and native minorities197–201
- impact on work191–197
- public schools202–204
- religious congregations206–208
- social field concept468
- social integration theory405
- social network effect35
- social networking technology473–474
- social remittances489
- socioeconomic status (SES)
- Socrates600–601
- Somali immigrants473
- Soros, George176
- SOS-Racisme155
- South African Network for Skills Abroad (SANSA)145
- South America585
- South Asian immigrants, British219
- South Asian Muslims229–230
- South Asian Punjabis217
- South Asian women225
- Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC)585
- Southern California Chinese Consumer Yellow Pages398
- Spain
- Ecuadorian immigrants in461
- effect of immigration on employment in111
- fiscal impact of immigration in120
- and guest worker programs265
- international migrants in25
- naturalized citizens in174
- 2004 attacks in Madrid522
- wage inequality in112
- Special Agricultural Worker legalization program (U.S.)263
- Spector, Stanley421
- spiritual healers205–206
- splinter groups334
- Stanford, Leland279
- Starting Line Group (SLG)166
- State Department, U.S., Trafficking in Persons Report517
- State of Emergency: the Third World Invasion of America (Buchanan)291
- State of the World's Refugees: Human Displacement in the New Millennium (UNHCR)64–65
- Stein, Dan627
- Stockholm Programme589
- structural assimilation386
- student migration575
- student visas117
- sub-Saharan Africa35
- Sumner, Charles433
- Supplemental Security Income (SSI)555
- Sweden
- Bosnian women in Stockholm225
- early Swedish emigration to U.S.33–34
- and environmental migrants63–64
- expatriate voting in94
- self-employed immigrants in118
- UNHCR dependence on365
- voting rights for immigrants in178
- Swiss People's Party311
- Switzerland
- displays of cultural differences in257
- immigration policy in325
- naturalized citizens in173–174
- and security issues515
- systems feedback, for proactive and reactive migration41
- Taft, William Howard283
- Taiwanese immigrants494
- Taliban524
- Tampere agreement589
- Tanton, John334
- task force-style enforcement259
- Tebbit, Norman219
- technology lobby332–333
- Temporary Protection Directive (EU)63
- temporary residence permits535–536
- temporary visas256
- territorial boundaries594–597
- Texas
- Buddhist temples in Houston207
- efficiency gains from immigration in118–119
- Hispanics and African Americans in199
- illegal immigrants in337
- Latino immigrants in441
- Mexican migrants in Dallas-Fort Worth30
- Thai Americans392
- third-country resettlement67
- third generation392
- tourism, ethnic86
- tourist visas194
- Trades Union Congress (UK)540–545
- Trafficking in Persons Report517
- transatlantic slave trades144
- transborder communities456–457, 473–474
- borders, border crossing, and borderlands459–460
- colonial borders460–462
- compression of space and time466–468
- immigration, militarization, and security in469–473
- networks and meshworks468–469
- positioning individuals and communities in the transnational457–459
- regional borders within national borders463–466
- transferred rituals221
- transitional bilingual programs203
- transnational advocacy network165–166
- transnational citizenship369
- transnational criminal organizations519–520
- transnational families493–498
- transnationally engaged immigrants182–185
- transnational motherhood493–494
- transnational networks369
- transnational NGOs165
- transnational social practices38
- transnational social space496–497
- Treaty of Ascuncion585
- Treaty of Cartagena, 1969585
- Treaty of Chaguaramas, 1973585–586
- true acquaintance theory304
- trusted-traveler and watch list systems259
- Turkish returnees140
- undocumented agricultural workers (SAW)289
- undocumented immigrants
- crime and512
- designation as54
- farm workers290
- hospital care for206
- labor unions and undocumented labor migrants536
- migration industry and37–38
- politics and issue of undocumented immigration294
- remittance business and86
- state regulation of297–298
- terrorists as292
- West Indian women194
- Union Democratique Francaise (UDF)163
- United Farm Workers (UFW)559
- United Kingdom
- ancestral visas for British descendants255
- “cricket test” for British South Asian immigrants219
- effect of immigration on employment in111
- family reunification issues in164
- hybrid visa system in254
- Indian-educated returnees from England141
- interest groups and immigration policy in330–331
- jus soli and jus sanguinis citizenship's in257
- organized labor and immigration policy in538–545
- preclearance systems for travelers to259
- Punjabi women migrants in217
- “shortage industries” list254
- South Asian Muslims in229–230
- visa point system in254
- wage inequality in112
- West Indian carnival in230–233
- United Nations (UN)25, 34
- definition of global mobility521
- definitions of smuggling and trafficking517
- global refugee population346
- leadership approaches for internally displaced persons60
- Population Division595
- recognition of environmental refugees42
- world emigrant stock133
- United Nations Convention on Refugees251
- United Nations Development Programme86
- United Nations Economic Commission for Africa584
- United Nations Global Forum on Migration and Development266
- United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR)43, 251, 602
- client states365
- definition for refugee41
- establishment of57
- and forced displacement66
- humanitarian visas and255
- and natural-disaster-induced displacement64–65
- and protection for displaced populations68
- solutions for refugees54–55
- and total refugee population346
- United Nations High-Level Panel on System-wide Coherence61
- United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA)57
- United Nations Relief and Work Administration for Palestinian Refugees57
- United Nations Security Council523
- United Nations Transnational Crime Convention517
- United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)522
- United States
- Asian American second generation in391–395
- border control and the economy294–296
- Chinese students in141
- crime in514
- cultural assimilation of ethnic minorities in383–391
- documents verification requirements in260
- early history of immigration in274–275
- early Swedish emigration to33–34
- efficiency gains from immigration in118–119
- federal regulation of immigration, 1875–1920s279–280
- illegal immigration in614–635
- illegal migrants in517–518
- immigrant electoral politics in178–182
- immigrant integration in257–258
- immigrant traveler partnerships266
- immigration enforcement measures in259–260
- immigration policy and racial classification in429–449
- Indian emigration to the139
- Indian returnees from140
- interest groups and immigration politics in331–333
- jail screening programs for immigration violations259
- jus soli and jus sanguinis citizenship rights257
- low worker mobility in119
- migrant inflows and production technologies in113
- Muslim immigrants in440
- patents granted to U.S. immigrants117
- pathways of incorporation for immigrant citizens in410–426
- political parties in154
- political presence of immigrants in171–172
- racial hierarchies in461–462
- racism and immigration in281–285
- renewed immigration285–294
- self-employed immigrants in117–118
- social effects of immigration in190–209
- Social Security program in121
- temporary protected status for its nationals62–63
- transnationally engaged immigrants in183–184
- U.S. national identity and homeland politics89
- Vietnamese immigrants in113
- in Visa Waiver Program265–266
- voting by naturalized immigrants in178–182
- wage inequality in112
- welfare programs in120–121
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights602
- upward assimilation389
- urban flight514
- Van Gogh, Theo153
- Vecoli, Rudolph J.418
- verification, documents260
- veteran migrants85
- Vietnamese Americans
- children of Vietnamese refugees399–405
- in low-skilled jobs392
- in U.S. Asian American communities392
- voting by181
- Vietnamese immigrants
- Buddhist207
- in Chinatown in Los Angeles396
- gender and family issues496
- refugee children in eastern New Orleans399–405
- sacralization of homes and gardens by222
- Villaraigosa, Antonio181
- visa abusers296
- visa point systems254
- visas
- ethnic and national origin254–255
- green cards267
- H4 visas484
- humanitarian255–256
- provisional256
- student117
- temporary256
- and terms of admission256–257
- Z visa629
- Visa Waiver Program265–266
- Wagner Act of 1935 (U.S.)563
- War Brides Act of 1944, U.S.286
- war on terror292
- Washington, D. C.30
- Washington, George298
- Washington State337
- watch list systems259
- Weil, Patrick422
- welcome and integration contract (France)164
- welfare programs
- and immigrant-headed households120–121
- fiscal impact of welfare121
- and illegal immigration625
- visas and welfare benefits335
- welfare states607
- West Indian carnival230–233
- We Who Built America: The Saga of the Immigrant (Wittke)416
- Who Are We? The Challenges to America's National Identity (S. Huntington)292
- Wilson, Woodrow283
- women
- enslaved women and children144
- female Islamic study groups226
- femininity and culture of migration487–490
- and gendered immigrant workplace490–493
- henna rituals224–225
- labor markets and influx of native113
- migration experiences478–481
- naturalization, marital status, and children424–425
- professional immigrant women491–492
- women and children, displaced
- children and loss of education69
- female migrants2
- and forced displacement66
- health complications among68–69
- malnourished women and children68
- in resettlement programs67
- shelter for69
- Women and Migration in the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands (Segura and Zavella)460
- Working Sub Group Number 10 on Labour Relations, Employment and Social Security585
- world systems theory, migration and35
- World Values Survey307
- World War II34, 56, 57, 153, 156, 254–255, 285, 345, 347, 358, 416, 417–418, 513, 534, 553, 556, 557, 563, 574
- xenophobic populist parties310–311
- Zammar, Mohammed Haydar525
- Zamora, Rodolfo Garcia514
- Zedillo, Ernesto372
- zero tolerance472
- zoning laws, racially based440
- Z visa629
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