
Contents
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34.1 The United Kingdom and the Westminster Parliamentary Model 34.1 The United Kingdom and the Westminster Parliamentary Model
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34.2 The United States and Presidentialism 34.2 The United States and Presidentialism
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34.3 France and Semi-Presidentialism 34.3 France and Semi-Presidentialism
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34.4 Political Control in Comparative Perspective 34.4 Political Control in Comparative Perspective
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References References
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34 Legislatures, Executives, and Political Control of Government
Get accessGillian E. Metzger is Harlan Fiske Stone Professor of Constitutional Law at Columbia University
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Published:15 December 2020
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Abstract
This chapter examines how political control over government is exercised today in the UK, the US, and France, focusing on control of the executive branch by the legislature and control of the administrative executive by the political executive. These three jurisdictions were chosen because they are paradigmatic examples of different political regimes: parliamentarism, separation of powers presidentialism, and semi-presidentialism. In theory, these different institutional structures should affect how political control is understood and wielded. In the traditional Westminster parliamentary model, for example, the government is formed from the leadership of the majority party in Parliament and it is the government that controls policy-making. By contrast, the traditional account of a separation of powers regime posits a separate legislature and executive as institutional rivals. Semi-presidential regimes combine a popularly elected presidential-type executive with a legislatively-dependent cabinet executive.
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