
Contents
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I. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Policing: The Evidence I. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Policing: The Evidence
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A. Arrest A. Arrest
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B. Use of Force B. Use of Force
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C. Traffic and Pedestrian Stops C. Traffic and Pedestrian Stops
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D. Searches and Seizures D. Searches and Seizures
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E. Research Summary E. Research Summary
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II. Theories of Racial and Ethnic Disparities II. Theories of Racial and Ethnic Disparities
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A. Differential Offending A. Differential Offending
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B. Differential Processing B. Differential Processing
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C. Theory Summary C. Theory Summary
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III. Conclusion III. Conclusion
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A. Citizens’ Perceptions of Police A. Citizens’ Perceptions of Police
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B. The Future B. The Future
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References References
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31 Case Study: Immigration, Social Exclusion, and Informal Economies: Muslim Immigrants in Frankfurt
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5 Race, Crime, and Policing
Get accessRobin S. Engel, School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati
Kristin Swartz is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Criminal Justice at the University of Louisville. Her research focuses on how offending and victimization is shaped by context, with a special focus on cultural effects in the contexts of schools, communities, and correctional institutions.
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Published:01 October 2013
Cite
Abstract
Since the birth of criminal justice as a field of study in the 1960s, identifying and explaining racial disparities has been a consistent focus of research. While there is agreement that racial and ethnic disparities exist at every stage in the criminal justice system, the reasons or explanations for these disparities remain a subject for debate. This is especially true in the policing literature. Regardless of the discretionary police decision examined, racial and ethnic disparities exist; however, consensus as to why these disparities exist or how they can be reduced is lacking. Regarding citizens’ perceptions, research consistently indicates that black citizens have the most negative perceptions of police. Regardless of the empirical evidence regarding racial and ethnic disparities, if citizens believe police bias exists, police legitimacy is compromised.
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