
Contents
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Sources of Evidence Sources of Evidence
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Textual Evidence Textual Evidence
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Iconographical Evidence Iconographical Evidence
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Ethnographical Evidence Ethnographical Evidence
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Archaeological Evidence Archaeological Evidence
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Experimental Archaeology Experimental Archaeology
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Environmental Contexts Environmental Contexts
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Shipbuilding before 800 B.C. Shipbuilding before 800 B.C.
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Egypt Egypt
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Propulsion and Steering Propulsion and Steering
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Shipbuilding 800 B.C. to A.D. 500 Shipbuilding 800 B.C. to A.D. 500
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Ships in Homer's Poems Ships in Homer's Poems
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Early Use of Locked Mortise and Tenon Fastenings Early Use of Locked Mortise and Tenon Fastenings
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Sewn Planking Sewn Planking
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Warships with Rams Warships with Rams
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Propulsion and Steering Propulsion and Steering
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Technological Changes—800 to 300 B.C. Technological Changes—800 to 300 B.C.
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The Kyrenia Ship The Kyrenia Ship
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Technological Changes after 300 B.C. Technological Changes after 300 B.C.
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Boats and Ships of Northwest Europe Boats and Ships of Northwest Europe
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Mediterranean-Style Vessels Mediterranean-Style Vessels
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Romano-Celtic Boats and Ships Romano-Celtic Boats and Ships
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The Technological Achievements of the Classical World The Technological Achievements of the Classical World
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Navigation before A.D. 500 Navigation before A.D. 500
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Glossary of Nautical and Navigational Terms Glossary of Nautical and Navigational Terms
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References References
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24 Sea Transport, Part 1: Ships and Navigation
Get accessSean McGrail was in the Royal Navy from 1946 to 1968 and is a Master Mariner. He was formerly Professor of Maritime Archaeology, University of Oxford.
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Published:18 September 2012
Cite
Abstract
This article starts by presenting the textual, iconographical, ethnographical, archaeological, experimental archaeology, and environmental evidences of shipbuilding or navigation. The earliest evidence for sail appears on a vase from Naqada of about 3100 bc. Vessels it appears were steered by paddle, steering oar, side rudder, or centerline rudder, and there are Old Kingdom depictions of each method. Moreover, the article discusses the shipbuilding from 800 bc to ad 500. The early use of locked mortise and tenon fastenings, sewn-plank fastenings, and the warships with rams are specifically considered. There have also been technological changes in ships or navigation. Mediterranean shipbuilders and seamen of 800 bc to ad 500 consolidated and developed their inheritance from Egypt and the Levant coast. Mediterranean shipwrights abandoned plank fastenings and shifted to a framing-first sequence of shipbuilding. The article finally reviews the status of navigation before ad 500.
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