Index

farming and domestication

Africa:

and dispersals from:

modern humans

multiple dispersals

pre-modern humans

process of

routes

technological advances

and Homo sapiens sapiens

and human evolution

and hunter-gatherers

interactions with food producers

and origins of Homo sapiens

See also

North Africa;

See also

sub-Saharan Africa

age, and life-course analysis

agency

agriculture:

and definition of

and Holocene New Guinea

and sub-Saharan Africa

See also

Ahmarian technocomplex

Ai Khanum

Ain Boucherit

Ain Ghazal

Ain Hanech

Ak-depe

Akkad, empire of

Akrotiri

Alalakh

Aleut

Alexandria

Alexandria Archaeology

Algonquian

Alia Bay

Alice Boer

Alta

alternative communities, and community archaeology

Altyn-depe

Ambitle Island

Ambrona

Amekni

Americas:

and human settlement of

‘Clovis First’ scenario

early occupation of

genetic evidence

impact of climate change

linguistic evidence

multiple dispersals

pre-Clovis occupation

and origins of farming

See also

Central Andean region;

See also

Mesoamerica;

See also

North America;

See also

South America

Amūd

Anangula Island

Anatolia

anatomically modern humans (AMH) (Homo sapiens sapiens)

and Africa

dispersion from

and behavioural modernity

assumption of trait survival

characteristics of

chronological distribution of characteristics

dissemination of

emergence of

meaning of

origins of

population dispersal

rate of change

social links between groups

spoken language

subsistence activities

symbolic behaviour

transmission

and Europe

Aurignacian technocomplex

and mobility strategies

and origins of

and physical characteristics

and population dispersal

social links between groups

See also

human nature

Anau Ia

ancestor-based interpretation, and spatial archaeology

Andes

See

androcentrism, and archaeological theory

anthropological archaeology

and biographical approach

and interaction, human body

and trade

Anthropological Institute

Anthropological Society

Anthropological Society of London

anthropology:

and archaeology

and history of archaeology

divergence from

and the New Archaeology

and spatial archaeology

Antioch

Antiocha Margiana

antiquarianism:

and definition of

and history of archaeology

disappearance of term

incorporation of role of

antiquities laws

and illicit trade in antiquities

Anyang

AOC Archaeology Group

Apollo II Cave

Arago

Aramis

Arawe Islands

and Siassi trade networks

arboriculture, and Holocene New Guinea

archaeological representation:

and communication of ideas

and concerns of

and didactic/non-didactic distinction

and forms of representation

and history of

17th century geography and history books

17th century history paintings

17th century museum displays

18th century antiquarian illustrations

18th century decoration and design

18th century neoclassical art

19th century archaeological illustration

19th century history painting

19th century media reports

19th century museum displays

19th century reconstruction of ancient sites

20th century computer games

20th century film and television

20th century literature

20th century re-enactments

Renaissance paintings and book illustrations

and importance of

and major studies on

and research questions and methods

and significance of

archaeological sites:

and negotiation of knowledge

and preservation of

and production of

and surveying of

See also

excavation

archaeological theory:

and coexistence of approaches

and definition of theory

and descriptive nature of

and epistemology

and expansion of

and extended scope of

and feminism

and fragmentation of

and future position of

and gender

and geographical differences

and higher profile of

and idea of process

and ideology

and impact on practice

and incremental change

and indigenous peoples

and influence of

and influence of other disciplines

and Latin American social archaeology

and Marxism

and middle-range theory

and modernity

and multivocality

and the New Archaeology

anthropology

Britain

creation of archaeological record

culture

impact of

origins of

positivism

reactions to

scientific method

United States

and non-English speaking world

and politics

and postprocessual archaeology

as extension of New Archaeology

formative influences

hermeneutics

other traditions

politics

post-structuralism

reactions to

structuralism

archaeology:

and access to source material

and anthropology

and art history

and classification of finds

find context

national surveys

storage

stratigraphy

and creation of archaeological record

and definition of

duality of practice

historical context

objectives of

and disciplinary boundaries

and disciplinary status of

and documentation of finds

and employment in

and future of

and growth of discipline

and history

and hybrid character of

and indigenous peoples

and institutional environment

and international conferences

and interpretation

approaches to

changes in theoretical framework

impact of science

long/short term

rational/romantic approaches

and material character of discipline

and national identity

and natural sciences

and prehistory

and preservation of the past

and professional standards

and rational/romantic approaches to cultural heritage

and recovery of archaeological finds

causes of

documentation of

phases of

settlements

source-criticism

and research community, establishment of

and study of the past

and traditions of

and work of archaeologists

See also

archaeological theory;

See also

history of archaeology

archaeometry

Archaic peoples, and Central Andean region

Arctic

See

circumpolar zone

Ardipithecus kadaba

Argaric

art:

and anthropology of

and human nature

and hunter-gatherers

and Mesoamerica

Aztec Empire

Olmec culture

Teotihuacan

See also

history painting;

See also

rock art

art history, and archaeology

Asa Issie

Asa Koma

Ashkelon

Asia:

and dispersal of modern humans

post-Last Glacial Maximum

and dispersal of pre-modern humans

See also

Central Asia;

See also

Aspero

Assyrian empire

Atapuerca

Aurignacian technocomplex

and earliest traces of

and European Aurignacian

and Levantine Aurignacian

Australasia:

and challenge for archaeology in

as clumsy concept

and continental-scale narratives

criticism of

and environmental change

and geographical scope of

and Holocene Australia

and Holocene New Guinea

agriculture

arboriculture

regional interaction spheres

and human-environment interactions:

New Zealand

Sahul

Sahul/New Zealand comparison

and initial colonization:

New Zealand

Sahul

Sahul/New Zealand comparison

and New Zealand:

cultural-chronological sequence

human-environment interactions

initial colonization

and post-colonial archaeologies

‘contact’ archaeology

cultural landscapes

culture-heritage management

indigenous peoples

influence of colonial histories

and rethinking archaeology of

and Sahul:

chronological plane

human-environment interactions

initial colonization

meaning of

Pleistocene occupation

socio-spatial plane

Australia:

and Aboriginals:

land-use

language

‘the Dreaming’

and archaeological practice in

and community archaeology

and dispersal of modern humans

Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)

and geological stability

and Holocene Australia

and hunter-gatherers

impact of European contact

and microlith technologies

See also

Australasia;

See also

Sahul

australopithecines

and earlier australopithecines

and later ‘robust’ australopithecines

and pre-australopithecines

Australopithecus aethiopicus

Australopithecus afarensis

Australopithecus africanus

Australopithecus anamensis

Australopithecus boisei

Australopithecus garhi

Australopithecus robustus

Austronesian languages

Avaris

Awash Basin

Ayaz-kala

Aztec Empire

and art

and belief system

and extent of

and human sacrifice

and monuments

and population

and Spanish conquest

and tribute goods

and warfare

Bacho Kiro

Bactria

Balearic islands

Balkans, and national identity

Balkh

Balof

Balver Höhle

Bamiyan valley

Bandiyan

Banshan

Baradostian technocomplex

Batán Grande

Bayesian probability

and radiocarbon dating

Begram

behavioural ecology, and huntergatherers

behavioural modernity:

and assumption of trait survival

and characteristics of

and chronological distribution of characteristics

and dissemination of

and emergence of

Africa

Europe

Near East

population dispersal

social links between groups

spoken language

subsistence activities

symbolic behaviour

transmission

and meaning of

and origins of

and origins of Homo sapiens

belief systems:

and farming societies

and hunter-gatherer societies

and Mesoamerica

Aztec Empire

Berelekh

Bering Strait

and Birnirk culture

and characteristics of

and Ipiutak culture

and land bridge

and maritime societies

and Okvik culture

and Old Bering Sea Culture

and Punuk culture

and Siberian Late Paleolithic

and Thule culture

bias

and excavation data

Bilsingsleben

binocular microscopy, and materials analysis

biography:

and commodities of exchange

and cultural biography

and landscape biographies

and monument biographies

and object biographies

Bir Kiseba

Birnirk culture

Bismarck Archipelago

and earliest human occupation

Blombos Cave

Bluefish Caves

Bobongara

Bodo

body:

and interaction

and phenomenological aspects of technology

and spatial archaeology

See also

embodiment

Bohunician technocomplex

Boisman culture

bone tools:

and Aurignacian technocomplex

and Homo sapiens sapiens

Africa

Europe

Near East

and Neanderthals

Border Cave

Bouri

Boxgrove

brain size:

and earlier australopithecines

and early genus Homo

and expansion of

and Homo ergaster/erectus

and later archaic homo (Homo heidelbergensis)

and later ‘robust’ australopithecines

and Neanderthals

British Archaeological Association

and foundation of

British Archaeological Institute

British Museum, and Parthenon Sculptures

Brixham, and Pengelly's excavation of bone-cave

bronze metallurgy:

and East Asia

and Erlitou

and Laoniupo

and Sanxingdui

and Wucheng

and Yinxu

and Zhengzhou

Buang Merabak

Buddhism

and Central Asia

Buia

Buka Island

Buran-Kaya

Byblos

Byzantium, and glass production

Caballo Muerto

Cahokia

Cahuachi

Cajamarca Valley

Canada

and community archaeology

forestry

and Dorset peoples

and early occupations of arctic

and interior subarctic Indians

and Maritime Archaic Indians

and Norse

and regional cultural variations

and Thule culture

Cape Coast

capitalism, archaeology of

Capri

Caral

Carbon 14-dating

See

radiocarbon dating

Carthage

Casas Grandes

Casma Valley

Catal Huyuk Project

Çatalhöyük

catastrophe theory, and cultural complexity

Cave Toca de Esperanza

Cenjiawan

Central Andean region:

and early complex society (3500–1800 BC)

Late Preceramic period

and Early Horizon (900–300 BC)

Chavín

settlement patterns

and early occupations of

agriculture

Archaic peoples

Chinchorro people

Monte Verde

Paiján

and establishment of first states

and first urban states(300 BC-900 AD)

coastal

Gallinazo people

highland

Lima culture

Moche culture

Nasca culture

Salinar people

Tiwanaku

Wari

and geographic characteristics of

and Hephthalite Huns

and human settlement of

and Initial Period (1800–900 BC)

ritual architecture

and Inka empire

administration of

Cuzco

expansion of

kings of

provincial impact of

religion

rise of

socio-economic organization

sources for

Spanish conquest

and Late Intermediate Period (AD 900–1400)

Chimú

Ica culture

Lupaqa people

Peruvian coast

Qolla people

Sicán culture

and Moche culture

and state society

Central Asia:

and Achaemenian empire (558–330 BC)

and Afghanistan

and Bronze Age:

Margiana sequence

north-western Afghanistan & southern Bactria (1800–1600 BC)

southern Uzbekistan & northern Bactria (1800–1500 BC)

and Buddhism

and contemporary state borders

and geography of

desert

landscape

water

and Greco-Bactrian empire (240–145 BC)

and history of archaeology in

Afghanistan

post-Soviet period

under Soviet rule

and Iron Age:

Archaic Dehistan (14/13th-9/8th centuries BC)

Yaz I (1500–1000 BC)

and Kushan empire

and mortuary practices

and Namazga sequence

Namazga I/Anau Ib, early Aeneolithic (4800–4000 BC)

Namazga II/Anau II, Middle Aeneolithic (4000–3500 BC)

Namazga III, late Aeneolithic (3500–3000 BC)

Namazga Idefinition, Early Bronze Age (3000–2500 BC)

Namazga definition /definition I, Middle Bronze Age (2500–1750 BC)

and Neolithic

Anau Ia

Djeitun culture

and nomadic migration

and oasis-based urban centres

and Palaeolithic and Mesolithic

and Parthian empire (171 BC-224 AD)

and pastoral economy

and Russian conquest of

and Sasanian empire (224–628)

and Seleucid empire (312–129 BC)

and settlement patterns

and Sogdians (Sughd)

and trade routes

Central Place Theory (CPT)

Ceprano

Četina culture

Chaco Canyon

Chad, Lake

chaînes opératoires research

and reconstruction of artefact life-cycles

distribution

experimental replication

production technology

use

Chakmakli-depe

Chalandriani-Kastri

Chan Chan

Châtelperronian technocomplex

Chaudefinition et cadefinition e

CChaví culture

Chaví de Huantar ín de Huantar

Chesowanja

Chet-less-cun-dunn

Chichen Itza

Chihuahua

Chile

See

chimpanzees, and culturally mediated behaviour

Chimú

chin, and human nature

China:

and archaeology in:

dedefinition elopment of

didefinition erent approaches to

and bronze

and cultural complexity

and Daxinzhuang

relationship with Shang

and Erlitou

and establishing dynastic history

and ethno-linguistic didefinition ersity

and Huanbei

and iron

and Laoniupo

relationship with Shang

and leadership

and megalithic tombs

and mounded tombs

and origins of

and origins of farming

and plant and animal domestication:

animals

millets

rice

and Sanxingdui

relationship with Shang

and state formation

definition of state

and Taosi

and urbanization

and Wucheng

relationship with Shang

and Xia Shang Zhou Chronology Project

and Xinzhai

and Yinxu

nature of Shang state

and Zhengzhou

See also

farming and domestication

Chinchorro people

Chon'gokni

Chopan-depe

Chorasmia

Choris culture

chronology:

and importance of

and nature of time

and relatidefinition e dating sequence:

cross-cultural comparisons

seriation

stratigraphy

See also

dating techniques

circumpolar zone:

and archaeological challenges of

and Bering Strait

Birnirk culture

characteristics of

Ipiutak culture

land bridge

maritime societies

Okdefinition ik culture

Old Bering Sea culture

Punuk culture

Siberian Late Paleolithic

Thule culture

and cultural didefinition ersity

and cultural ecology

and culture change

and definition of:

arctic

subarctic

and environmental adaptation

and historical overview of archaeology of

and human mastery of

and northern Canada and Greenland

Dorset peoples

early occupations of

Early Paleoeskimo

interior subarctic Indians

Inuit

Maritime Archaic Indians

midden accumulations

Norse

regional cultural variations

Thule culture

and northern Fennoscandinavia

agriculture

earliest human occupation

iron technology

Medieval period

reindeer-hunting

rock art

Sami reindeer-herding

Stone Age

and Siberia

earliest human settlements

extended occupation of

hunting and fishing economies

metal-producing cultures

Neolithic

rock art

Ust-Poluy period

and social context of archaeology of

and social networks

circumscription theory, and cultural complexity

Cishan culture

Cissbury:

and Lane-Fox's excavations

and Willett's excavations

Clacton

classical archaeology:

and archaeological theory

and processual ideas

classification of finds

and access to source material

and documentation system

and find context

and national surveys

and storage

and stratigraphy

climate change:

and Australasia

and dispersal of modern humans:

impact of Last Glacial Maximum

post-Last Glacial Maximum

and dispersal of pre-modern humans

and forager-farmer transition

and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)

and Mediterranean

and origins of farming

and settlement of Americas

and Younger Dryas

Clovis:

and characteristics of

and Clovis Xuted projectile points

and Clovis horizon

and settlement of Americas

Cognitive Archaeology

and materiality/material agency

colonial archaeology

Combe Grenal

commercial archaeology

and community archaeology

city archaeology

forestry

communication:

and definition of

and embodied modes of

community archaeology

and Australia

and Canada

forestry

and collaborative nature of

and community initiated archaeology

and defining communities

alternative communities

descendant communities

local vs indigenous

and developer-funded archaeology

city archaeology

forestry

and distinguishing feature of

and diversity of

and Fiji

and Ghana

and growing popularity of

and Heritage Stewardship

and history of

and indigenous peoples

and methodologies of

communication

community approach

key components

mistakes

and New Zealand

forestry

and Romania

and social inclusion

and stewardship

and United Kingdom

developer-funded

forestry

and United States

developer-funded

forestry

complexity theory, and cultural complexity

computer games, and archaeological representation

concept formation

conferences, and archaeology

connectivity, and definition of

construction:

and developer-funded archaeology

city archaeology

forestry

and rescue excavations

contact archaeology

and North America

contexts, and excavations

continuity:

and Dawkins' attacks on Pitt Rivers

and Pitt Rivers' ideas on

Cook Islands

copper and alloys:

and distribution studies

and production technology reconstruction

chemical analysis

choice of alloys

extraction and processing of ores

fabrication and decorative processes

indefinition ention of copper metallurgy

and sub-Saharan Africa

Corsica

Codefinition a Negra

Coxcatlan Cadefinition e

Crete

and palace-states of

and population of

critical theory

cross-cultural comparisons, and relatidefinition e dating sequence

Crow Creek massacre

Cuedefinition a de las Manos

Cuedefinition a de los definition ampiros

cultidefinition ation

cultural biography

cultural complexity

and attitudes towards concept

and didefinition erentiation

problems equating with

and East Asia

China

Japan

Korea

and explanation of changes:

catastrophe theory

circumscription theory

collapses in

complexity theory

cultural edefinition olution

cybernetic systems theory

demographic-economic theories

edefinition olutionary theories

general theories

material prime modefinition ers

specific theories

and formal definition s

unusability of

and ideal-type definition

as measure of human organization

and measurement of

circularity

contemporary ancestors problem

data reliability

inappropriate categories

nominal data

unit definition

and minimal definition of

coherence

comparison with didefinition erentiation

operationalization

definition alidity

and nature of change

continuous models

simple/complex distinction

stage theories

and quantification

and South America

and typology of uses of concept

and use of concept in archaeology

cultural edefinition olution:

and cultural complexity

and South American archaeology

Cultural Edefinition olution, Law of

cultural heritage:

and claims to

and indigenous peoples

and national identity

and rational/romantic approaches to

cultural memory

cultural relatidefinition ism

Cultural Resource Management (CRM)

Cultural Surdefinition idefinition al

cultural traditions, and edefinition olution of

cultural transmission theory

culture:

and culture history paradigm

and human nature

and meaning of

as property

culture areas

culture history:

and dedefinition elopment of

and South American archaeology

culture-historical archaeology

and criticisms of

and interaction

and trade

Cumbemayo Canal

Cuzco

cybernetic systems theory, and cultural complexity

Cyprus

and emergence of polities

and inter-regional trade

Cyrene

Cyropolis

Dadianzi

Dalmatia

Daldefinition erzin-tepe

Dashlidji-depe

Dashly

dating techniques

and addefinition ances in

and dispersal of humans

and future research

and importance of

and life-cycle model of

and limitations of

and marine reserdefinition oir odefinition set

and nature of time

and radiocarbon dating

Bayesian analysis

calibration

freshwater definition ardefinition e data

problems with

and relatidefinition e dating sequence:

cross-cultural comparisons

seriation

stratigraphy

and requirements of

and tephrochronology

Daxinzhuang

dead culture

débitage, and Neanderthals

Dederiyeh cadefinition e

Dehistan

dendro-chronology

and radiocarbon dating

Denmark:

and archidefinition ing of archaeological finds

and classification of finds

and Kitchen Midden Commission

and national archaeological surdefinition ey

and preserdefinition ation of sites

descendant communities, and community archaeology

Dedefinition il's Lair

diagenesis

diet, human:

and adefinition ailability of food

application of technology

ecosystem productidefinition ity

indefinition ention in procurement of

and bone as edefinition idence of

alteration of

inferences from trace elements

structure of

and consumption rhythms

and determinants of

and dietary isotope studies

basis for

freshwater fish consumption

limitations of

Mesolithic marine resources

milk residues

status and dietary didefinition erences

definition ariation in carbon and nitrogen isotopes

and dietary selection

and extra-corporeal edefinition idence of

artefacts

bone and teeth

plant material

shell

soils and sediments

and human tissue as edefinition idence of

and information sources for

and Mesoamerica

and milk

and nutritional requirements

energy

fats and oils (lipids)

protein

definition itamins and trace elements

and reconstruction from isotopic tracers

early hominins

early modern humans

Iron Age

late Upper Palaeolithic

Neanderthals

Neolithic diet

other approaches

transition to agriculture

and role of

and study of:

aim of

limitations of

didefinition usion, and technology

digital technology:

and access to source material

and reflexive excavation

discourse analysis

dispersals, human

and curiosity

and early dispersal of Homo sapiens into Eurasia

date of

routes

speed of

and edefinition idence for

and first dispersals from Africa

East Asia

Europe

Homo ergaster

Homo heidelbergensis

South-East Asia

as human characteristic

and hunter-gatherers

and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)

and post-Last Glacial Maximum

two-stage recolonization

and process of early dispersals

climate change

exploration/discodefinition ery

multiple dispersals

routes

technological addefinition ances

and settlement of Americas

‘Clodefinition is First’ scenario

genetic edefinition idence

impact of climate change

linguistic edefinition idence

multiple dispersals

pre-Clodefinition is occupation

and settlement of the Pacific islands

genetic edefinition idence

Lapita Culture

linguistic edefinition idence

and study of

dating techniques

genetic approach

linguistic approach

distributed objects

distribution maps, and spatial archaeology

Djarkutan

Djeitun

Dmanisi

documentation of finds

and access to source material

domestication

See

Donggutuo

Dongshanzui

Dorset peoples, and northern Canada and Greenland

Dragsholm

Drimolen

dying culture

Dyuktai Cadefinition e

East Asia:

and archaeological practice in

China

Japan

Korea

linguistic difficulties

terminology

and bronze

China

Japan

Korea

and Buddhism

and Chinese cultural hegemony

and cultural complexity

China

Japan

Korea

and didefinition ersity of

and early pottery

Japan

Korea

and geographical scope of

and ‘horse-riders’

and inapplicability of modern boundaries

and iron

and leadership

China

Japan

Korea

Russian Far East

and maritime connections

and megalithic tombs

China

Korea

and mounded tombs

China

Japan

Korea

and Paleolithic

approaches to stone tools

influence of European work

Late Pleistocene

Modefinition ius Line error

pottery at Pleistocene/Holocene border

terminological problems

and plant and animal domestication:

animals

millets and dry farming

rice

East Turkana

East fienatchee Clodefinition is site

Easter Island

eating, and cultural meaning

Ebla

ecology, and focus on human

economic anatomy

Ecuador

See

anatomically modern humans (AMH)

Egypt:

and farming and domestication

and formation of Nile delta

and glass production

and Middle Kingdom

and New Kingdom

location of capital

and the ‘Sea Peoples’

Ehringsdorf

El Abra

El Jobo

El Paraiso

El Sidrón cadefinition e

Elandsfontein

electron microscopy, and materials analysis

Elgin Marbles

El'ken-depe

El-Kherba

Elmina Castle

embodiment

See also

body

Emiran technocomplex

England, and preserdefinition ation of sites

Enkomi

Enlightenment, and indigenous peoples

Erk Kala

Erligang culture, and Zhengzhou

Erlitou

ethics

ethnicity, and gender archaeology

ethnoarchaeology

and hunter-gatherers

and technology studies

Ethnographical Society

ethnology, and archaeology

Etruria

Europe:

and dispersal of modern humans

impact of Last Glacial Maximum

post-Last Glacial Maximum

two-stage recolonization

and earliest hominin presence

and Homo sapiens sapiens

Aurignacian technocomplex

and origins of farming

European Association of Archaeologists (EAA)

European Aurignacian technocomplex

edefinition olution

and continuity

Dawkins' attacks on Pitt Ridefinition ers

and cultural traditions

and Darwin

as descent with modification

and sexual selection

and teleological evolutionism

See also

human evolution

edefinition olutionary archaeology

and South American archaeology

edefinition olutionary ecology, and hunter-gatherers

edefinition olutionary psychology

excadefinition ation:

as archaeological actidefinition ity

and adefinition oidance of

and choice of site

constraints on

edefinition aluation

finance

nature of excavation

research objective

rural

sampling strategies

urban

and continuing need for

and destruction of site

and development of methods

Bulleid's Somerset Levels excavations

Lane-Fox's Cissbury excavations

Lane-Fox's Cranbourne Chase excavations

Pengelly's Brixham excavations

and history of archaeology

answering specific problems

antiquity of humans

Brixham bone-cave

Cissbury

continuity

Cranbourne Chase

development of methods

reluctance to participate

as sites of collection

Somerset Levels

and nature of data

biased record

creative use of

data loss

documentary sources

(in)completeness of

interpretation

pottery

recording and presentation of

and post-excavation work:

analysis

publication

writing up

and procedures and methodology

context recording

contexts

mechanics of

photographs

physical relationship of contexts

plans and drawings

recording data

stratigraphic relationship of contexts

written record

and public perception of archaeology

and reflexive excavation

and structuring of data

See also

rescue excavations

exchange:

and aspects of commodities of

and definition of

and down-the-line model

and gravity model

and Renfrew's model of

as socially embedded

See also

trade

façonnage, and Neanderthals

farming and domestication:

and belief systems

and Central Andean region

and definition of

and East Asia:

animals

millets and dry farming

rice

and foraging-farming continuum

and historiography of forager-farmer transitions

ambiguity of terms

assumption of inevitability

climate change

cultural factors

hearths of domestication

New Archaeology

oasis hypothesis

population pressure

postprocessual archaeology

stages of progress

and impact of

and information sources for transition to

diet

food refuse

genetics

material culture

modern analogies

scientific techniques

skeletal remains

and Mediterranean

and Mesoamerica

Maya civilization

and North America, Archaic Period

and origins of

agricultural ideologies

Americas

attraction of domesticates

China

climate change

different patterns of

Eurasian system of agriculture

Europe

gender roles

geographical scale

information sources for

Near East

population pressure

pressures on higher-ranks food sources

South-East Asia

and social organization

and spread of

complex patterns of

‘Neolithic dispersal’ theory

and sub-Saharan Africa

animals

eastern Africa

Egypt

Malian Sahara

motivations for adopting

plants

social impact of

socio-economic structuring

southern Africa

southern Sahara

western Africa

Fell Cave

feminism

and archaeological theory

and gender archaeology

Fennoscandinavia, northern

and agriculture

and earliest human occupation

and iron technology

and Medieval period

and reindeer-hunting

and rock art

and Sami reindeer-herding

and Stone Age

Weld surveying

Fiji

and community archaeology

Wlms, and archaeological representation

Finland:

and earliest human occupation

and rock art

and Stone Age

Wre:

and later archaic homo (Homo heidelbergensis)

and Neanderthals

‘First Family’

Firuzabad

Wshing, and human diet

Flores Island

Florisbad

and Florisbad skull

Fontana Nuova

footwear, and role of

forestry, and community archaeology

formation processes of the archaeological record

Fort Ross

Fort St Jago

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and materials analysis

Franchthi cave

Fuente Alamo

Funtuna

Gallinazo people

gas chromatography

Gatas

gender:

and archaeological theory

and Native Americans

and North America

and origins of farming

gender archaeology

and class

and embodiment

and ethnicity

and feminism

and future of

and gender Xuidity

and gendered behaviour

and life-course analysis

and masculinity

and performance

and queer theory

and sex, definitions of

and social construction of gender

and socio-biological view of gender

and third genders

genetics:

and beginnings of farming

and language

and origins of Homo sapiens

and settlement of Americas

and settlement of the Pacific islands

and study of human dispersals

Geographic Information Systems (GIS):

and Cultural Resource Management

and spatial archaeology

geography, and spatial archaeology

Geoksyur oasis

Geoktchik tepe

Geological Society

geology, and archaeology

geophysics, and data collection

Germany, and archaeological theory

Ghana, and community archaeology

Gheo-Shih

glass:

and distribution studies

and production technology reconstruction:

beginnings of production

Byzantium

Egypt

Islamic world

Mesopotamia

Rome

Global Positioning Systems (GPS)

globalization

and cultural heritage

Göbekli Tepe

Gona

Gonur-depe I

Gorham's Cave

Gorodtsovian culture

Gournay-sur-Aronde

Gravettian technocomplex

Greco-Bactrian empire, and Central Asia

Greenham Common

Greenland

and Dorset peoples

and early occupations of

and midden accumulations

and Norse

and regional cultural variations

and Thule culture

Grimes' Graves

Gröbern

Grotta del Cavallo

Grotte du Renne

Grotte Vauffrey

Guitarrero Cave

Gyaur Kala

habitus theory

Hacinebi Tepe

Hadar

Hane Dune

Harappan civilization

Hatunmarca

Hawaii

and chiefly power

and heroic history

and model household cluster

and prehistory of

and sacred structures

and social divisions

Hazor

Hecatompylos

Hephthalite Huns

Herat

heritage:

and growth of archaeology

and national/regional agencies

and post-colonial archaeologies

and work of archaeologists

and World Heritage Convention

Heritage Stewardship

hermeneutics

and postprocessual archaeology

Herto

Hexian

Historic Environment Liverpool Project

historical archaeology

and North America

historical change, and production of archaeological sites

history, and archaeology

history of archaeology:

and 19th century approach to archaeology

and anthropology

divergence from

and antiquarianism

definition

disappearance of term

incorporation of role of

and continuities in

and definition of archaeology

and dificulty writing

and excavation

answering specific problems

antiquity of humans

Brixham bone-cave

Cissbury

continuity

Cranbourne Chase

development of methods

reluctance to participate

as sites of collection

Somerset Levels

and gentlemen archaeologists

and history of ideas

and importance of

and specialization

history painting, and archaeological representation

Hittites

Hohokam

Homes with History project

hominid origins

and Acheulean Industrial Complex

and earlier australopithecines

and early genus Homo

and Homo ergaster/erectus

and later archaic homo (Homo heidelbergensis)

and later ‘robust’ australopithecines

and Oldowan Industrial Complex

and pre-australopithecines

and sub-Saharan Africa

hominins

Homo, and emergence of genus

early genus Homo

Homo ergaster/erectus

later archaic homo (Homo heidelbergensis)

Homo antecessor

Homo erectus

Homo ergaster

and dispersal from Africa

Homo floresiensis

Homo georgicus

Homo habilis

and dispersal from Africa

Homo heidelbergensis

and dispersal from Africa

Homo helmei

Homo rhodesiensis

Homo rudolfensis

Homo sapiens:

and characteristics of

and language

and origins of

and symbolic behaviour

See also

dispersals, human;

See also

human nature

Homo sapiens sapiens

See

Hongshan culture

Hopi

horticulture

Howiesons Port industry

Hoxne

Huanbei

Huanuco Pampa

human evolution

See also

hominid origins

human nature:

and ape behaviour

differences from

as Aristotelian legacy

and characteristics of

and the chin

and civilization

and cultural relativism

and culture

and difficulty in identifying specific aspects of

and divergence from the apes

bio-cultural

bipedalism

cultural diffierences

dental features

expansion of brain

physical differences

and diversity of behaviour

and generalizations about

and illusions of

and innate/learned aspects

and language

and natural man

and naturalistic fallacy

and political implications of

and qualifiers of term

cultural variables

political uses of

value-laden

and religion

and sex-based diffierences

and uniformities in

human rights

human sacrifice:

and Aztec Empire

and China:

Laoniupo

Longshan culture

Yinxu

Zhengzhou

and Maya civilization

and Mesoamerica

humanity, and definitional problem

See also

anatomically modern humans (AMH)

hunter-gatherers

and Africa

and approaches to

behavioural ecology

ethnoarchaeology

ethnographic Weldwork

evolutionary ecology

historical approach

Marxist models

optimal foraging theory

‘Original AZuent Society’ (OAS) model

and art

and Australia

and belief systems

and colonization of world, environmental factors

and definition of

criticism of bipolar classification

social organization/ideology

subsistence

and diet variations

impact of environment

and ecological knowledge

and egalitarian societies

and equestrian societies

and food sharing

and food storage

and forager-farmer transition

foraging-farming continuum

historiography of

information sources for

and impact of European contact

and interactions with food-producers

hunter-gatherer decline

social change

southern Africa

and Mediterranean

and Mesoamerica

and mobility

food storage

motivations for

types of settlement

women's role

and non-egalitarian societies

and North Africa

and North America, Archaic Period

and pottery

and social and economic intensification

and social change

and social organization

and South America

and sub-Saharan Africa

southern Africa

and technology/tool-making

Huron

husbandry

Ica culture

Iceman

icons, and semiotics

ideal types

ideology, and archaeology

Iisaak Forest Resources

Il'skaya

Inca Cueva

indices, and semiotics

indigenous peoples

and archaeological theory

and archaeology:

academic involvement in

academic/political tensions

impact on agenda of

Kennewick Man

oral traditions

rapprochement between

relationship with

and archaeology of

and assertion of rights

and assumption of extinction

and collective cultural rights

and community archaeology

and cultural heritage

and definitional difficulties

and Enlightenment view of

and exclusion of

and Greek and Roman roots of concept

Greek origin stories

Roman origin stories

and Indigenous museums

and Indigenous-rights movement

strategic essentialism

and International Labour Organization

and League of Nations

and paradox of

and political status of

and post-colonial archaeologies

as recent phenomenon

and United Nations

and World Archaeological Congress

cultural rights

Indo-European languages

inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)

industrial archaeology

infanticide

Inka empire

and administration of

and Cuzco

and expansion of

and kings of

and provincial impact of

and religion

and rise of

and socio-economic organization

and sources for

and Spanish conquest

institutions, and archaeology

intensification

interaction

and anthropological archaeology:

biographical approach

human body

and communication

and connectivity

and culture-historical archaeology

and definition of

and interaction sphere

and past societies

and postprocessual archaeology

nature of exchange

and processual archaeology

criticism of approach

socio-economic organization

and scales of

International Labour Organization

internet, and access to source material

interpretation

and approaches to

long/short term

and changes in theoretical framework

and excavation data

and impact of science

and materials analysis

and politics

and rational/romantic approaches to

interpretative archaeology

and material culture

Inuit

Ipiutak culture

Iqaluktuuq

iron:

and East Asia

and production technology reconstruction

Wrst production

steel

wrought iron

and sub-Saharan Africa

Iron Gates

Iroquois

Iroquois Confederacy

Islamic world, and glass production

Italy

and Bronze Age settlement patterns

ITT Rayonier

Jankovichian technocomplex

Japan

and archaeological practice in

and bronze

and Buddhism

and cultural complexity

and early pottery

and ‘horse-riders’

and leadership

and mounded tombs

and Paleolithic

and plant and animal domestication:

animals

rice

See also

Java, and pre-modern humans

Jebel Irhoud

Jerf al Ahmar

Jerzmanowician technocomplex

Jian

Jinniushan

Jomon culture

Ju/'hoãnsi Bushmen

Kabri

Kabwe

Kachemak culture

Kalahari Bushmen

Kalambo Falls

Kanapoi

Kara-depe

Katanda

Kaya

Kazakhstan

See

Kebara

Kelleli

Kennewick Man

Kent's Cavern

Kerma

Khalchayan

Khapuz

Khoresmian Archaeological Ethnographic Expedition

Kilu Cave

Kisese II rock shelter

Kitchen Midden Commission

Kitikmeot Heritage Society (KHS)

Klasies River Mouth

Knossos

and population of

Kodiak Island

Koguryo

Koktepe

Kongju

Königsaue

Konso Gardula

Koobi Fora

Korea

and archaeological practice in

and bronze

and Buddhism

and cultural complexity

and early pottery

and horses

and iron

and leadership

and megalithic tombs

and mounded tombs

and Paleolithic

and plant and animal domestication:

animals

millets

rice

See also

Oldowan Industrial Complex

Kosipe

Kotosh Tradition

Krapina

Kromdraai

Kuchuk

Kuk

Kulpi Mara

Kumbi-Saleh

Kumbun Island

Kumsong

Kush

Kushan empire

Kyongju

Kyzyl

La Cotte de St-Brelade

La Draga

La Emerenciana

La Ferrassie

La Florida

La Quina

La Roche-Cotard

La Venta

La-Chapelle-aux-Saints

Lachitu cave

Laetoli

Lagar Velho

Lagoa Santa

Lake Mungo

Lakhtin culture

landscape:

and ancestor-based interpretation

and changes in

as cultural construction

and cultural landscapes

and formation of

and landscape biographies

and material culture

as process

and taskscape

landscape archaeology

and Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

and integrated approach to

and Mediterranean archaeology

and surveying

landscape history

language:

and Aboriginals

and emblematic languages

and emergence of behavioral modernity

and genetics

and Homo sapiens

and human nature

and Indo-European languages

and inter-group languages

and material culture

and Mediterranean

and Mesoamerica

and Native Americans

and Neanderthals

and Pacific islands

and South America

and study of human dispersals

and sub-Saharan Africa

Lantian

Laoniupo

Lapita culture

Las Buitreras

laser ablation, and materials analysis

Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)

Latin American social archaeology

Lauricocha

Lazaret Cave

leadership, and East Asia

League of Nations

Lefkandi

Lehringen

Leofric Project

Lerna

Les Rois

Levallois technique

Levantine Aurignacian technocomplex

Liang-Bang

Libya

life-course analysis

life-cycles, and object biographies

Lima culture

Lincombian technocomplex

Lipari

literature, and archaeological representation

living culture

Lofoten islands

Longshan culture, and Taosi

Longuppo Cave

Los Millares

Los Toldos

Lower Palaeolithic, and evidence of human evolution

Lower Xiajiadian

‘Lucy’

Ludlow coal-miner's camps

Lumpemban

Lupaqa people

Lynford

Machu Picchu

Makah

Makapan

Malakunanja

Malema

Maliang

Mallorca

Malta

Manus

Maori culture

and community archaeology

Maracanda

Margiana

Mari

marine reservoir offset, and dating techniques

Marquesas

Marsa Matruh

Marxism:

and archaeological theory

and hunter-gatherer societies

Mary Rose

masculinity

mass spectrometry

Matenbek Island

Matenkupkum

material agency

material culture:

and beginnings of farming

and contemporary studies of

and cultural beliefs

as disciplinary focus

and distributed objects

and evidence of human diet

and interpretative archaeology

and landscape

and language

and material agency

and material/ideal relationship

and materiality

and meaning

and meaningful constitution of

as metaphor

and object biographies

as object of archaeological study

and objectification

as plural text

and postprocessual archaeology

and self-making

and semiotics

and structuralism

as system of signs

and theoretical perspectives on

See also

material culture

materiality

materials analysis:

and chaînes opeéatoires research

and distribution studies

glass

metals

pottery

stone

and goals of

and interpretation of artefact lifecycles

distribution

emic approach

holistic approach

production

use

and production technology reconstruction:

copper and alloys

glass

iron

metals

pottery

vitreous materials

and reconstruction of artefact life-cycles:

distribution

experimental replication

production technology

use

and scientific methods for reconstruction

binocular microscopy

determining chemical composition

determining stable isotope composition

microscopy

X-ray radiography

and stages of

Mauer

Maupiti

Mavroraki

Maya civilization

and cities

and collapse of

and elite culture

and monuments

and sacrifice

Meadowcroft Rockshelter

Meare Lake Village

Median empire

Mediterranean

and archaeology of:

climate change

contexts of

landscape archaeology

physical anthropology

scientific analysis

shipwrecks

texts and images

and characteristics of

and fragmented basin (5500–3500 BC):

agriculture

colonization of islands

gender relations

interaction zones

languages

limited mobility

metallurgy

mortuary practices

North Africa

pastoralism

ritual life

segmentary communities

and genesis of Mediterranean dynamics (3500–2200 BC)

Aegean

animal and plant exploitation

changes in Nile delta

climate change

Cyprus

Ebla

ecological change

Wrst state-level polities

impact of Mesopotamia

increase in metal consumption

interaction zones

Levant

Malta

maritime interactions

ruralization

settlement patterns

social crises

social relations

social resilience

social storage

and geographical differences

and Ice Age population

and making of the Middle Sea (1300–600 BC)

central and western developments

incorporation of North Africa

inter-regional trade

Libyan confederacies

political disruption

‘Sea Peoples’

spread of eastern practices

waning of Egyptian power

and Middle and Late Bronze Ages (2200–1300 BC)

Aegean economy

Anatolian palace-states

Argaric

Cretan palace-states

Cypriot polities

east-west contrasts

Egyptian-Levantine interaction zone

inter-regional trade

Levant

New Kingdom Egypt

Nile delta

North Africa

urban-rural settlement

western communities

and Neolithic expansion (12

dispersal by sea

emergence of seafaring

North Africa

Pre-Pottery Neolithic period

and pre-Mediterranean (1.8 million-12, 500 BC)

dispersion of modern humans

and rescue excavations

and tectonic past of

and Younger Dryas

megadontia

megalithic monuments, and East Asia

Melanesia:

and connectivity and difference

and diversity

production of

and establishment of contemporary patterns

and production and exchange

and Siassi trade networks

Menorca

Merv

Mesoamerica:

and Aztec Empire

art

belief system

extent of

human sacrifice

monuments

population

Spanish conquest

tribute goods

warfare

and Classic Maya civilization

agriculture

cities

collapse of

elite culture

monuments

sacrifice

and colonial period

and customs and beliefs

and diet

and Early Formative

changes associated with

and early settlement of

and farming

origins of

and generosity

and geographic characteristics of

and houses

and hunter-gatherers

and inter-regional trade

and languages of

and Monte Albάn

decline of

growth of

houses

public buildings

warfare

and Olmec culture

art

hereditary inequality

La Venta

political authority

San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan

writing

and Postclassic period:

Chichen Itza

decrease in settlement size

increase in long-distance trade

recognition of military achievement

Tula

Xochicalco

and pottery

and social inequality

and Spanish conquest

and Teotihuacan

art

cosmopolitanism of

destruction of

growth of

houses

inter-regional competition

monuments

status goods

trade

warfare

and villages

See also

Americas

Mesopotamia:

and glass production

and Mediterranean development

metals:

and distribution studies

and earliest use of

and materials analysis

copper and alloys

iron

See also

bronze metallurgy;

See also

copper and alloys;

See also

iron

Micronesia, and languages of

microscopic use-wear studies

microscopy, and materials analysis

middle-range theory

and hunter-gatherers

Miletus

Millarville, and community archaeology

Mississippian culture

Mitanni

Mladeč

Moche culture

and ceremonial constructions

and metallurgy

and warfare

Mode 1 industries

See

Mode 2 industries

See

Acheulean Industrial Complex

models, and spatial archaeology

modernism

modernity, and archaeology

Modjokerto

Mondjukli-tepe

Monte Accoddi

Monte Albάn

and growth of

and houses

and public buildings

and warfare

Monte Verde

monuments:

and care of

and monument biographies

and preservation of

mortuary practices:

and Holocene Australia

and Longshan culture

and Mediterranean

and Mesoamerica

and Neanderthals

and North America, Archaic Period

See also

mounded tombs

Moula Guercy cave

mounded tombs, and East Asia

Moundville

Movius Line

Moxeke

Muaco

Mullali

multiculturalism

Mumba

museology

museums:

and archaeological representation

and archaeology

and illicit trade in antiquities

and Indigenous museums

and organization of Wnds

and role of

and work of archaeologists

Mussau

Mycenae

mytho-praxis

Nabta Playa

Nahal Mishmar hoard

Nahal Qana

Namazga

Nanchoc

Nanjing

Napta Playa

Nara

Narmada Valley

Nasca culture

Nasca Lines

Natchez

national identity, and archaeology

National Museum of the American Indian

nationalism, and archaeology

Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGRA, USA)

Native Americans:

and Archaic Period

changes in hunter-gatherer groups

cultigens and domesticates

environmental conditions

hunter-gatherers

mobility

mortuary practices

population growth

symbolic monuments

tethered mobility

and bow and arrow

and domesticated plants

and Enlightenment view of

and ethno-linguistic diversity

and European conquest of North America

contact period

differential success of colonisers

infectious disease

and Formative package

and gender

and lack of domesticated animals

and languages

and Mesoamerica, contact with

and monuments

and origin stories

and political authority

Northeast

Northwest coast

Southeast

Southwest/Northwest

and pottery

and proto-historic period

abandonment of towns

confederacies

and settlement of Americas

‘Clovis First’ scenario

Native American/archaeological conflict

pre-Clovis occupation

and trade networks

copper

Hopewellian Interaction Sphere

marine shells

prestige goods

and ‘two-spirits’

and warfare

Natufian complex

natural sciences:

and archaeological interpretation

and archaeology

and processual archaeology

Natural Selection

natural selection

naturalistic fallacy

Nauwalabila

Ndutu

Neanderthals:

and adaptation to cold environments

and behaviour

and biology of

and campsite organization

and changed view of

and climatic conditions

and clothing

and controversy over

and diet reconstruction

and discovery of

and distribution of

and environment

forests

and evolutionary position of

and extinction of

role of modern humans

and Wre

and hunting

spears

and interbreeding with modern humans

and language

and longevity

and mobility

and mobility strategies

and mortuary practices

and Near East

and nutrition

and popular image of

and population size

and raw-material sources

and regional differences

and research on

and scavenging

and susceptibility to trauma

and symbolism and art

and tool-making

Levallois technology

tool functions

and transitional assemblages

and use of caves and rock shelters

and use of wood

Near East:

and homo sapiens sapiens

and origins of farming

Nelson Bay cave

neoclassical art, and archaeological representation

neutron activation analysis, and materials analysis

New Archaeology

See

processual archaeology

New Britain

New Caledonia

New Guinea

and archaeological practice in

and environmental change

and Holocene New Guinea

agriculture

arboriculture

regional interaction spheres

and language

See also

Australasia;

See also

Sahul

New Hanover

New Ireland

New Zealand

and archaeological practice in

and community archaeology

forestry

and cultural-chronological sequence

and environmental change

and human-environment interactions

comparison with Sahul

and initial colonization

comparison with Sahul

See also

Australasia

Ngarrabullgan Cave

Niah Cave

Nihewan Basin

Nisa

Nissan

Niuheliang

Nombe

Norse, and northern Canada and Greenland

North Africa

and Bronze Age Mediterranean

and hunter-gatherers

and incorporation into Mediterranean world

North America:

and Archaic Period

changes in hunter-gatherer groups

cultigens and domesticates

environmental conditions

hunter-gatherers

mobility

mortuary practices

population growth

symbolic monuments

tethered mobility

and bow and arrow

and Clovis horizon

and culture areas

and domesticated plants

and ethno-linguistic diversity

and European conquest

contact period

differential success of colonisers

infectious disease

and Formative package

and gender

and historical archaeology

class

Colonial Period

gender

race

and human settlement of

‘Clovis First’ scenario

genetic evidence

impact of climate change

linguistic evidence

multiple dispersals

Native American origin stories

Native American/archaeological conflict

origin stories

pre-Clovis occupation

and Mesoamerica, contact with

and monuments

and political authority

Northeast

Northwest coast

Southeast

Southwest/Northwest

and pottery, chronology of

and proto-historic period

abandonment of towns

Native American confederacies

and trade networks

copper

Hopewellian Interaction Sphere

marine shells

prestige goods

and warfare

North Atlantic Biocultural Organization (NABO)

Norton culture

Norway:

and earliest human occupation

and iron technology

and Medieval period

and reindeer-hunting

and rock art

and Stone Age

oasis hypothesis, and farming

object biographies

objectification

Ofnet

Ohalo

Okvik culture

Old Bering Sea culture

Oldowan Industrial Complex

and Homo ergaster/erectus

and stone artefacts

Developed Oldowan

Oldowan

Olduvai Gorge

and stone artefacts

Ollantaytambo

Olmec culture

and art

and hereditary inequality

and La Venta

and political authority

and San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan

and writing

Olorgesailie

Oma

Omo Valley

optical microscopy, and materials analysis

optimal foraging theory, and huntergatherers

Oradour-sur-Glane

Orce

Ordnance Survey

Original AZuent Society (OAS), and huntergatherers

Orrorin tugenensis

Oxus civilization

Oxus Treasure

Ozette

Pachacamac

Pacific islands:

and classification of

and eastern homogeneity

and east/west contrast

and human settlement of

Ancestral Polynesian Society

Austronesian migrations

different processes of

genetic evidence

genetics of modern populations

interchanges with South-East Asia

Lapita culture

linguistic evidence

Pleistocene

requirements for

and language groups

emblematic languages

inter-group languages

linguistic diversity

and Lapita culture

and Melanesia:

connectivity and difference

diversity in

establishment of contemporary patterns

production and exchange of material culture

production of diversity

Siassi trade networks

and Near Oceania

and Polynesia:

attachment to land and place

conservative cultural tradition

Hawaii

homogeneity in

initial colonization

production of homogeneity

social principles

and Remote Oceania

and western diversity

Paekche

Paijάn

Pakefield

palaeosols

Palli Aike Cave

Pama-Nyungan

Pamwak

Panakiwuk

Panaztepe

Panjikent

Pantelleria

Paquime

Parthanissa

Parthenon Sculptures

Parthian empire, and Central Asia

Passo di Corvo

pastoralism

Pedra Furada

Peiligang culture

Pengtoushan

Peninj

peopling of the world

See

dispersals, human

performance

Peru

See

archaeological representation

Peştera cu Oase

Petralona

phenomenology

and spatial archaeology

and technology studies

Phoenicians

photosynthesis, and dietary isotope studies

physical anthropology

Piedra Museo

Pikimachay

Pisaq

place:

and archaeology of

and culturally constructed

and spatial archaeology

politics:

and archaeological theory

and technology

pollen analysis

Polynesia:

and Ancestral Polynesian Society

and attachment to land and place

and conservative cultural tradition

and homogeneity

Hawaii

production of

and initial colonization

and languages of

and social principles

Pompeii

Pontnewydd Cave

popular culture

population dispersal

See

dispersals, human

positivism:

and the New Archaeology

and quantitative revolution

and spatial archaeology

post-colonial archaeology:

and contact archaeology

and cultural landscapes

and culture-heritage management

and indigenous peoples

and influence of colonial histories

postmodernism

and definition of

and postprocessual archaeology

postprocessual archaeology

and cultural material

as extension of New Archaeology

and forager-farmer transition

and formative influences

and hermeneutics

and interaction

nature of exchange

and interpretive approach

and material/ideal relationship

and other traditions of archaeology

and politics

and post-structuralism

and reactions to

and South American archaeology

and structuralism

and trade

nature of exchange

post-structuralism

pottery:

and adoption of

and discovery/invention of

and distribution studies

and excavation data

and hunter-gatherers

and production technology reconstruction

perceptions of materials and techniques

raw materials

scale of production

uses

Pouerua Archaeological Project

Poverty Point

Powhatan Confederacy

practice theory

prehistory, and archaeology

preservation:

and archaeological sites

and archaeology

and national identity

and recovery of archaeological Wnds

processual archaeology (New Archaeology)

and achievements of

and anthropology

and creation of archaeological record

and culture

and features of

and forager-farmer transition

and impact of

and interaction

socio-economic organization

and middle-range theory

and natural sciences

and origins of

and positivism

and postprocessual archaeology

and process

and reactions to

and scientific method

and South American archaeology

and systems

and trade

centre-periphery relations

colonial enclave

criticism of approach

peer-polity interaction

port-of-trade

prestige goods exchange

Renfrew's model of exchange

socio-economic organization

world systems

and United Kingdom

and United States

progressionism

property:

and archaeological artefacts

and culture as

protohistory

public participation, and archaeology

See also

community archaeology

Pueblos

Punuk culture

Puritjarra

Purulén

Purushapura

Puyo

Pyasina culture

Qafzeh

Qatna

Qeqertasussuk

Qolla people

quantitative revolution, and archaeology

queer theory

Quesir Community Project

radiocarbon dating

and calibration

Bayesian analysis

Clovis horizon

freshwater varve data

importance of

marine reservoir offset

problems with

and impact of

Raman spectroscopy, and materials analysis

rationalism

Real Alto

re-enactments, and archaeological representation

reflexive archaeology

regional settlement systems

relationality

religion, and human nature

remembrance

Renaissance, and archaeological representation

repatriation

and distinction from restitution

and indigenous peoples

and new rhetoric on

and Parthenon Sculptures

representation

See

rescue excavations

and growth of archaeology

and legislative basis

and Mediterranean

residue analysis

restitution

and distinction from repatriation

and Parthenon Sculptures

Riwat Plateau

rock art:

and Aboriginals

and hunter-gatherers

as information source

and male Wgures

and northern Fennoscandinavia

and Siberia

and sub-Saharan Africa

Romania, and community archaeology

romanticism

Rome, and glass production

Royal Anthropological Institute

Royal Commission on Historical Monuments

Russian Far East

and leadership

and Paleolithic

and plant domestication, millets

and pottery

See also

Sahelanthropus tchadensis

Sahul:

and chronological plane

and environmental change

and human-environment interactions

comparison with New Zealand

and initial colonization

comparison with New Zealand

and meaning of

and Pleistocene occupation

and socio-spatial plane

See also

Australasia

Salinar people

Salzgitter-Lebenstedt

Samarkand

Sambungmachan

Sami (‘Lapp’) people

Samoa

sampling

San Isidro

San Jacinto

San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan

San peoples

Sangiran

Sannai Maruyama

Santa Isabel Iztapan

Sanxingdui

Sāo Raimundo

Sapalli-tepe

Saqqaq culture

Sardinia

Sasanian empire, and Central Asia

scanning electron microscopy, and materials analysis

Sch öeningen

scientific analysis, and Mediterranean archaeology

scientific method, and the New Archaeology

Scoglio del Tonno

Sechín Alto

Sedgeford Historical and Archaeological Research Project (SHARP)

Segsbury Camp

Seleucid empire, and Central Asia

semiotics

sensory culture studies

seriation

settlement archaeology, and spatial archaeology

settlement patterns

settlement sites

sex:

and archaeologies of sexuality

and definition of

and embodiment

and sexual selection

See also

gender archaeology

Shanidar Cave

shipwrecks, andMediterranean archaeology

Shortugai

Shum Laka

Siassi islands, and trade networks

Siberia

and earliest human settlements

and extended occupation of

and hunting and Wshing economies

and metal-producing cultures

and Neolithic

and rock art

and Ust-Poluy period

Sicάn culture

Sicily

signification

SIlk Road

Silla

Sipάn

Site Catchment Analysis (SCA)

sites

See

archaeological sites

Skhūl

social agency, and technology studies

social anthropology, and archaeology

social archaeology

social complexity

See

cultural complexity

Social Darwinism

social evolutionism

and cultural complexity

social identity:

and production of

and technology

social reproduction, and technology

social storage

society

Society for American Archaeologists (SAA)

Society for East Asian Archaeology

Society Islands

Society of Antiquaries

sociobiology

and gendered behaviour

sociology, and archaeology

Sogdians (Sughd), and Central Asia

soil analysis, and evidence of human diet

Sokkuram

Solomon Islands

Somerset Levels, and Bulleid and Gray's excavations

source-criticism, and classification of archaeological sources

South America:

and chronologies of

prehistoric period

regional horizons

Rowe-Menzel sequence

and common features:

at conceptual periphery

Iberian colonialism

and cultural complexity

and diversity of

and early occupation of

and geography of

Amazonia

Andean range

Circum-Caribbean area

coastal desert

grasslands

highland plains

Pampas grasslands

and intellectual traditions of South American archaeology

culture history

evolutionism

Latin American social archaeology

postprocessual archaeology

processual archaeology (New Archaeology)

and languages of

and Portuguese colonialism

and Spanish colonialism

and synthesis of South American archaeology

difficulties in

South Turkmenistan Complex Archaeological Expedition (YuTAKE)

South-East Asia, and origins of farming

Soviet Union, and archaeological theory

space:

and centrality of

and Lefebvre's spatial triad

and time

spatial archaeology

and anthropology

and Central Place Theory

and challenges facing

and culturally constructed place

and emergence of

distribution maps

economic ecological approach

formal models

integrated approach to landscape

quantitative revolution

scientific method

settlement archaeology

spatial representation

statistical techniques

surveying

and geography

and humanized approaches

ancestor-based interpretation

body

methodology

phenomenology

social contextuality

space/place distinction

and Lefebvre's spatial triad

and methodology, changing attitudes towards

and quantified space

and representational space

and representations of space

and Site Catchment Analysis

and spatial practice

and spatial technologies

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

integrated approach

and tension between quantitative and qualitative understanding

species

spectroscopy, and materials analysis

Spitalfields Project

Spitsynskayan culture

St Acheul

St Césaire

stage theories, and cultural complexity

Starr Carr

state formation, and China

statistics, and spatial archaeology

steel, and production technology reconstruction

Steinheim

Sterkfontein

stone, and distribution studies

stone tools:

and Acheulean Industrial Complex

and Aurignacian technocomplex

and earlier australopithecines

and early genus Homo

and Homo ergaster/erectus

and Homo sapiens sapiens

Africa

Europe

Near East

and later archaic homo (Homo heidelbergensis)

and manufacturing methods

and Neanderthals

and Oldowan Industrial Complex

and sub-Saharan Africa

and Taosi

Stonehenge

Stonehenge archer

stratigraphy:

and classification of Wnds

and excavation data

and relative dating sequence

Streletskayan culture

structuralism

as analytic methodology

and symbolic perspective on technology studies

structuration theory

Studenhoe

sub-Saharan Africa

and archaeological research

colonial period

cultural heritage management

current state of

early hominid sites

establishing chronology

future of

Iron Age

post-colonial period

regional research

systematic research

theft of cultural property

and chronology of

and definition of

and emergence of urbanism and complex societies

centralization

public buildings

ranked societies

regional interaction spheres

religion and ritual

state formation

trade networks

urban centres

Zimbabwe culture

and European contact with

and farming and domestication

animals

eastern Africa

Egypt

Malian Sahara

motivations for adopting

plants

social impact of

socio-economic structuring

southern Africa

southern Sahara

western Africa

and human evolution

and hunter-gatherers

southern Africa

and iron-using agro-pastoral societies

Bantu speakers

Central Cattle Pattern (CCP)

dispersal of

food production

linguistic identity

pottery

and language

and physiography of

agriculture

climate

environmental change

topography

vegetation

and rock art

and settlement patterns

and technologies:

copper

influence of

iron

pottery

stone

and worldviews

Sughd

Sultan Kala

Sumnagin culture

Surkh Kotal

surveying, and emergence of spatial archaeology

Survival

Susa

Swanscombe

Swartkrans

Sweden

and deserted farmsteads

and earliest human occupation

and reindeer-hunting

and rock art

and Stone Age

symbolic behaviour:

and emergence of behavioral modernity

and hominid origins

and Neanderthals

and origins of Homo sapiens

systems theory, and cultural complexity

Szeletian technocomplex

Tabūn

Tagalagal

Tagua-Tagua

Taima-Taima

Tajikistan

See

Takhirbai

Talasea

Tambo Viejo

Taosi

Tash Ki'rman

taskscape

Tata

Taubach

Taung

Tavoliere plain

technology studies:

and centrality of

and conceptual changes

and formal period of (1860–1960)

culture history paradigm

evolutionary paradigm

morphological approach

peripheral interests

technological stages in history

technology and progress

technology as hardware

and functional and materialist research (1960s to present)

chaînes opeéatoires research

concept of technology

culture ecology paradigm

ethnoarchaeology

human ecology

Law of Cultural Evolution

methodological advances

microscopic use-wear studies

and importance of

and overlap of theoretical perspectives

and social agency and phenomenology view (1990s to present)

axioms of

body

centrality of human agents

chaînes opeéatoires research

as people/practice-centred approach

politics

and symbolic perspectives (1970s to present)

structuralist basis of

See also

materials analysis

teeth:

and dietary change

and earlier australopithecines

and early genus Homo

and evidence of human diet

and hominid origins

and Homo sapiens sapiens

and later ‘robust’ australopithecines

television

Tell Abu Hawam

Tel'manskayan culture

Temet I

temporality, and object biographies

Tenochtitlan

Teotihuacan

and art

and cosmopolitanism of

and destruction of

and growth of

and houses

and inter-regional competition

and monuments

and status goods

and trade

and warfare

tephrochronology

Termez

Teshik Tash cave

Texcoco

Thessaly

Thiessen Polygons

Thule

Thule culture

Tichitt

Tierra del Fuego

Tighenife

Tillya tepe

time:

and nature of

and space

Time Team

Ti-n Ouaffadene

Tiwanaku

and ritual architecture

Tlacopan

Tlatilco

Togolok

Tonga

Tongariro National Park

tools:

and Acheulean Industrial Complex

and Aurignacian technocomplex

and chaînes opeéatoires research

and earlier australopithecines

and early genus Homo

and Homo ergaster/erectus

and Homo sapiens sapiens:

Africa

Europe

Near East

and hunter-gatherers

and later archaic homo (Homo heidelbergensis)

and microscopic use-wear studies

and Neanderthals

tool functions

and Oldowan Industrial Complex

and stone tools, manufacturing methods

Toprak-kala

Toros-Menalla

Torralba

Total Stations

tourism, and growth of archaeology

trade

and anthropological archaeology

biographical approach

and Bronze Age Mediterranean

and culture-historical archaeology

and definition of

and economic and social development

and exchange

and interpretative archaeology

and past societies

and postprocessual archaeology

nature of exchange

and processual archaeology

centre-periphery relations

colonial enclave

criticism of approach

peer-polity interaction

port-of-trade

prestige goods exchange

Renfrew's model of exchange

socio-economic organization

world systems

transmission electron microscopy, and materials analysis

Trinil

Troy

Tugen Hills

Tula

Tuleilat Ghassul

Tunanmarca

Tureng Tepe

Turkana

See

East Turkana

West Turkana

Turkana, Lake

Turkmenistan

See

Tuscon Garbage Project

'Ubideya

Üçgizli

Ugarit

Uluburun shipwreck

Ulug-depe

Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park

Uluzzian technocomplex

Umm et Tlell

UNESCO

United Kingdom:

and community archaeology

developer-funded

forestry

and the New Archaeology

United Nations

and indigenous peoples

United States:

and community archaeology

developer-funded

forestry

and the New Archaeology

universities:

and growth of archaeology

and work of archaeologists

Upper Mangrove Creek

Upper Xiajiadian

Uraha

urban archaeology

and excavation considerations

urban revolution, and Childe's criteria for

urbanization

and China

and sub-Saharan Africa

Ustica

Ust-Poluy

Uzbekistan

See

Valdivia culture

Valencia de la Concepcion

Vanuatu

Vatuluma Posovi

Vindija

Viru Valley

vitreous materials:

and distribution studies

and production technology reconstruction

beginnings of glass production

Byzantine glass

Egyptian glass

Islamic glass

raw materials

Roman glass

Vogelherd

Wairau Bar

Wallertheim

warfare:

and Aztec Empire

and Moche culture

and Monte Albάn

and Native Americans

and Teotihuacan

Wari

wear damage, and microscopic studies of

West Turkana

Western Turkestan

See