...This chapter broadly traces the various historical trajectories leading to the shift away from censorship and toward classification-oriented models of film regulation in the late modern West. It argues that the turn of the millennium marked the end of a gradual shift in cultural attitudes, in which...

... an end to the Production Code Administration, with its religious-basis for decisions-making, and prompted its replacement by the Classification and Rating Administration (CARA), under the directorship of a New York psychiatrist. It concludes by highlighting the purposeful omission of One Flew...

...This chapter demonstrates how difficult the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC)'s job was made by a press which repeatedly and shrilly insisted that videos somehow ‘caused’ crimes such as the murders of James Bulger, Suzanne Capper and Les Read, and by politicians who were all too easily...

...This chapter highlights that Juice was later separated for particular praise for its moral stance by the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC). It also explores the works on how the Board operated under the improved Video Recordings Act. The role of the press...

...This chapter illustrates the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) trying repeatedly to liberalise its guidelines relating to ‘R18’ videos, and being prevented from doing so by the then Home Secretary Jack Straw. The story of the ‘R18’ began in 1982. The differences between Section 2...

...This chapter presents an interview with Robin Duval. One of the difficulties with the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) throughout a large part of its history was that it left an awfully large space available for newspapers and others who were hostile to the Board to fill in their own...

...This chapter draws on a 2005 study sponsored by the British Board of Film Classification to evaluate the ways in which real audiences (not audiences artificially assembled for purposes of a laboratory-like ‘test’) make sense of and respond to watching sexual violence on screen in extreme cinema...

...This chapter examines the changing attitudes of the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) towards film censorship since the 1990s, focusing on how it dealt with the cinema of the new extremism. By looking at the BBFC's response to Gaspar Noé's Seul contre tous (France, 1998...

...Dialectometry is a multidisciplinary field that uses various quantitative methods in the analysis of dialect data. Very often those techniques include classification algorithms such as hierarchical clustering algorithms used to detect groups within certain dialect area. Although known...

...An investigation of the criteria needed to determine sameness and difference in the classification of items of phonological relevance. Reliance on phonetic substance and meaningful contrast as the criteria for phonological analysis is insufficient; an appeal to the function of the items...

...This chapter considers the controversies surrounding travel writing as a genre: its resistance to classification, and a tendency to regard it as somewhat less than genuinely ‘literary’. The chapter sketches in the place of travels in literary history, and makes the case for a generous, cultural...

...This chapter studies the influence of the end of the war on the writing of history and how individuals created their own life stories, first looking at the issue of generic classification in Christine Brooke-Rose's Remake, where the concept of rememoration is introduced. The next...

... grammatical and linguistic forms as ‘channels’ offered up to thinking individuals. Boas believed cultures found different ways of expressing themselves, and that thinking-in-language remains flexible in all cultures. Boas Franz Hagège Claude Lucy John A Form Classification Culture Determinism ‘Primitive...

... consequences for the video industry. The next part examines how the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) interpreted the amended Act. The last part concentrates on isolating the kinds of material which the BBFC refuses to pass today even in the adults-only ‘18’ and ‘R18’ categories. It is noted that VRA...

... was Trevelyan. The Video Recordings Act requires that virtually all videos currently on the market be classified within the next three years. Despite the fact that there have been no prosecutions of British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) certificated films for many years, Ferman is keen to discount...

...This chapter presents an update regarding film and video censorship five years after the establishment of the Video Recordings Act. It specifically describes the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) Annual Report for 1988. This report stressed its ‘alleged potential for encouraging anti...

... cut from films, and more particularly DVDs, in contemporary Britain, even in the adults-only ‘18’ and ‘R18’ categories, and, more importantly, explain the reasons behind such acts of censorship. Sexual violence is a theme that has continued to preoccupy the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC...

... of Film Classification (BBFC). The Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport played the role of ‘intervener’ with the result that the Obscene Publications Act is abolished. ‘Harm’ is defined in the context of media legislation. It is argued in this chapter that the VRA should simply be abolished...

...As a basis of classification generally, the notions of sameness and difference are discussed in the context of different disciplines, chemistry, biology, music and iconography, to determine whether there are any cross-disciplinary parallels that are also relevant to phonology. allophones chemistry...

... Infernal Affairs 2002 Infernal Affairs II 2003 Isle The 2000 Kim Ki duk Oldboy 2003 Samaritan Girl 2004 Spring Summer Autumn Winter … and Spring 2003 Venice Film Festival Battle Royale 2000 British Board of Film Classification BBFC Rayns Tony McAlpine Hamish Sitges Film Festival Smith Paul...