... and phantasmagorical than developmental. Cohen finally suggests that marine metamorphosis has a similar impact on other authors, including Gustave Flaubert, Victor Hugo and Jules Michelet, all of whom stress the disturbing and disruptive possibilities of a psychological prose inspired by aquatic biology. aquarium...

...This chapter examines Stevenson’s essays on French literature in relation to the development of the novel across national and generic boundaries. It begins by demonstrating how Stevenson situates himself within this literary evolution in his essays on French authors like Victor Hugo, Jules Verne...

..., Nikolai Gogol, Victor Hugo, Émile Zola and Henry James, the chapter proposes that Gothic churches and cathedrals offered various writers an imaginative resource for thinking through the uneven modernity of this period. Through these readings, Gothic emerges as a model for a transformed modern subjectivity...

... in the extreme.  He does this by finding English equivalents for inter-textual allusions to Baudelaire’s “Le Voyage,” and “Le Cygne” and to Victor Hugo’s “Oceano’s nox.” By replacing these with echoes of Ezra Pound and Christian catechism, Beckett’s translation reveals the irony of the fact that the poem’s sense...