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The Transcription of Both Classical and Colloquial Arabic
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Published:September 2011
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When – following a precept of the Prophet's and the orders of Egypt's ruler – Rifā〈a Rāfi〈 aṭ-Ṭahṭāwī (1801–73) undertook to acquaint his co-religionists with useful knowledge amassed even by obdurate unbelievers, he focused his considerable talents on France. In the third chapter of the Introduction of his oft-published and republished Taxlīṣu l-〉Ibrīz fī Talxīṣi Bārīz, he attempted a quick survey of leading centres of civilisation all over the globe. In so doing, he stumbled on languages which, unlike Arabic, tolerated digraphs that sometimes produce a sound unlike that of either component, and words that crowd strings of consonants into a single syllable, as in his carefully vocalised Was-hin-xi-tūn in al-〉Ītzūniyā. Yet the direction taken made it inevitable that he or his immediate successors would have to familiarise themselves with a widening range of Western writers on kindred subjects, such as David Chisholme. What manual of orthography or morphology would enable any of them to work out how such a name was to be pronounced? Might they have been tempted to spare themselves the guesswork by resorting to transliteration instead of transcription? And would the result have been any less befuddling?
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