
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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Exit and Voice Exit and Voice
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Freedom of Association Freedom of Association
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Restriction of Associational Voice Restriction of Associational Voice
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Freedom of Associational Membership Freedom of Associational Membership
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The Iron Law of Oligarchy The Iron Law of Oligarchy
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Revolution or Democracy? Revolution or Democracy?
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A Collective Will for a Single Centre of Power A Collective Will for a Single Centre of Power
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The Specialised Nature of Knowledge and the Incompetence of the Masses The Specialised Nature of Knowledge and the Incompetence of the Masses
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Participation in Associations Participation in Associations
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Overcoming Inequalities in Participation Overcoming Inequalities in Participation
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Evidence of Conducive Dispositions Evidence of Conducive Dispositions
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Regulation of Associations Regulation of Associations
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Conclusion Conclusion
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Notes Notes
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Cite
Abstract
This chapter reinforces claims that in order to fulfil its potential democratic functions, associations in an associational democracy must themselves be internally democratic. It defends the desirability of this against two claims: that where costs of exit are low, the internal structure of the association is irrelevant; and that where applying external standards to the internal working of secondary associations would undermine the essential liberal democratic right to freedom of association. The chapter also defends the possibility of all associations achieving internal democracy against Michels’s ‘iron law of oligarchy’, citizens’ reluctance to participate and the empirical restrictions of size, geographic dispersion and time that makes associational democratisation challenging. Finally, it explores how the state and civil society could change associations to make them democratic through regulation.
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