
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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The Influence of the Evolution of Land Ownership and Rights on Farming Structures in the Twentieth Century The Influence of the Evolution of Land Ownership and Rights on Farming Structures in the Twentieth Century
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Farmers and Politics Farmers and Politics
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The ‘Agrarian Revolution’ in Scotland The ‘Agrarian Revolution’ in Scotland
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Policy Development: Nineteenth-Century free Trade to Intervention in the Inter-War Period Policy Development: Nineteenth-Century free Trade to Intervention in the Inter-War Period
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Policy Developments after the Second World War Policy Developments after the Second World War
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The Evolution of Agricultural Policy in Norway The Evolution of Agricultural Policy in Norway
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Changing Regional and Commodity Contribution to Agriculture Changing Regional and Commodity Contribution to Agriculture
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Mechanisation and the Second Agrarian Revolution after the Second World War Mechanisation and the Second Agrarian Revolution after the Second World War
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Animal-Breeding Animal-Breeding
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Agricultural Marketing and Cooperatives in Norway Agricultural Marketing and Cooperatives in Norway
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Agricultural Research, Education, Training and Extension Agricultural Research, Education, Training and Extension
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Agricultural Dilemmas Today Agricultural Dilemmas Today
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Conclusions Conclusions
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Notes Notes
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4 Agrarian Change in Scotland and Norway: Agricultural Production, Structures, Politics and Policies since 1800
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Published:April 2015
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Abstract
This Chapter addresses differences in agrarian structures, politics and policies between Norway and Scotland. It identifies four key processes: (1) agrarian improvers acceleration of the first agrarian revolution in Scotland through forced enclosures and the dispossession of the peasantry (2) the impact of the free trade period and war time food shortages in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (3) the elaboration of agrarian policy and state interventions in the interwar period, and (4) the consequences of the second agrarian revolution following the Second World War, including the Mansholt plan and subsequent EU policies. These processes help explain the emergence of a dual agrarian structure in Scotland as opposed to the smaller farm size and greater pluriactivity in Norway. Neither history corresponds either to Marxian theories of agrarian change or to those of ‘Modernisation’, but reflects a series of critical junctures and context-specific politics and contests between interests.
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