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Emily K. Wright, Michael A. Kamm, Josef Wagner, Shu-Mei Teo, Peter De Cruz, Amy L. Hamilton, Kathryn J. Ritchie, Michael Inouye, Carl D. Kirkwood, Microbial Factors Associated with Postoperative Crohn’s Disease Recurrence, Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 11, Issue 2, February 2017, Pages 191–203, https://doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw136
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Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is a key antigenic driver in Crohn’s disease [CD]. We aimed to identify changes in the gut microbiome associated with, and predictive of, disease recurrence and remission.
A total of 141 mucosal biopsy samples from 34 CD patients were obtained at surgical resection and at colonoscopy 6 and/or 18 months postoperatively; 28 control samples were obtained: 12 from healthy patients [healthy controls] and 16 from hemicolectomy patients [surgical controls]. Bacterial 16S ribosomal profiling was performed using the Illumina MiSeq platform.
CD was associated with reduced alpha diversity when compared with healthy controls but not surgical controls [p < 0.001 and p = 0.666, respectively]. Beta diversity [composition] differed significantly between CD and both healthy [p < 0.001] and surgical [p = 0.022] controls, but did not differ significantly between those with and without endoscopic recurrence. There were significant taxonomic differences between recurrence and remission. Patients experiencing recurrence demonstrated elevated Proteus genera [p = 0.008] and reduced Faecalibacterium [p< 0.001]. Active smoking was associated with elevated levels of Proteus [p = 0.013] postoperatively. Low abundance of Faecalibacterium [< 0.1%] and detectable Proteus in the postoperative ileal mucosa was associated with a higher risk of recurrence (odds ratio [OR] 14 [1.7–110], p = 0.013 and 13 [1.1–150], p = 0.039, respectively) when corrected for smoking. A model of recurrence comprising the presence of Proteus, abundance of Faecalibacterium, and smoking status showed moderate accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] 0.740, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.69–0.79]).
CD is associated with a microbial signature distinct from health. Microbial factors and smoking independently influence postoperative CD recurrence. The genus Proteus may play a role in the development of CD.
