... layers of social life, including interpersonal relations, microsocial orders, organizational hierarchies, situations and opportunities, and larger components such as social class and cultural history. Indeed, corruption is a complex phenomenon that has several forms and dimensions and that cannot...

... of indirect rule in US foreign policy and the significance of international hierarchy in the discipline of International Relations. Arab Middle East AME Caribbean and Central America CCA indirect rule United States Western Europe bribery Cold War military and Western Europe North Atlantic Treaty...

... of indirect rule depend on the size of the allied group. Moreover, the theory develops the key concepts of interests, governance costs, specific assets, opportunism and international hierarchy, and alternatives to indirect rule. The chapter clarifies that indirect rule is a deal in which the dominant state...

...This chapter looks into the international politics of opportunism, hierarchy, and resistance in Western Europe. It covers the formation and workings of international hierarchy and resistance to the United States. The Pax Americana was structured around a set of international regimes, especially...

...This chapter focuses on hierarchy in the Arab Middle East. The United States faces a real threat of exploitation and entrapment from its subordinates after supporting small elite regimes in the Arab Middle East. Moreover, the United States gets limited policy concession but extensive opportunism...

... at the efforts of gentlemen to set and enforce cultural norms and the responses they encountered from persons of lesser rank such as religiously inspired artisans, wives, servants, the poor, and the enslaved. It shows how gentlemen at the top of the social hierarchy sought to certify their status as persons...

... the increasingly entrenched and oppressive structures of hierarchy, dependence, and serfdom that characterized the seventeenth century. Magic offered a language for understanding and a tool for ameliorating the harsh conditions of abusively enforced patriarchy, bondage, and social inequality. More specifically...

... relations between “groups;” they are mechanisms for creating uniform categories, fitting everyone into them, then arranging those categories in a hierarchy of rights, privileges, and entitlements. Third, despite states' best efforts, meanings remain not just variable, but also ambiguous...

... admission to these spaces, exclusion from these buildings and church yards, and segregation within these spaces reinforced the social and racial hierarchies that supported slavery in their communities. It emphasizes that these churches and membership in them became tools of enforcing social power...

... was culturally forced on women of all classes. The chapter clarifies that social hierarchy and the accompanying status system do not go hand in hand with control. It notes how most middle-class professionals accept certain levels and kinds of subordination and trade-offs of control, but the process...

... of the necessity of a hierarchy in the church as a reflection of God's heavenly hierarchy. More generally though, in the period up to the mid-1880s, Leontiev seems to have been attracted by Solovyev's critique of “abstract” Western philosophical systems and his theoretical subordination of philosophy to theology...

.... Slaves probably made up about a fourth of the population. Land ownership and family background laid the ground rules for the social hierarchy. There were still opportunities to climb the social ladder and social demotions also occurred. The chapter reviews the poem Rígsþula and its picture of the social...

... community challenges the many forces of the Islamic revival that compete for Islamic authority in Pakistan. The book takes up the question of the moral value placed on hierarchy and the ethical reflexivity this engenders among Pakistani Tablighis. In particular, it examines how Islamic piety as a form...

... women lacked access to formal institutions but carved out roles and authority in civic spaces. Women eagerly offered their services as resources of governing, building on the intersection of race and class privilege and gender hierarchy. engineers experts trash collection and disposal politics...

..., and such magic was understood as coercive, even abusive. Even within marriages, when an unhappy wife turned to love charms to calm her husband's violent temper and to “make him love me” — that is, to stop beating her and abusing her — her efforts were viewed as subverting the proper patriarchal hierarchy...

... policy along the way. The chapter reveals that violent technologies of policing were parceled out according to the system of status hierarchy that defined colonial order. Under what circumstances they were used, and how, were more important as a matter of social distinction than efficient practice...

.... The chapter considers the prolonged ambiguity about the status of the German population as the most significant consequence of the decision-making vacuum. It reveals that hardship in Königsberg led to an economy of shortages based around a de facto ethnic hierarchy, as Germans became second-tier inhabitants...

... on a nested hierarchy that consisted of top-level kingdoms. It includes George Louis LeClerc, also known as the Comte de Buffon, who eschewed strict hierarchies in favor of a natural system more reflective of God's will and believed that humans' propensity for classifying the natural world stemmed from...

...This chapter examines the international hierarchy created by the United States to govern the region and the politics of resistance within the Caribbean and Central America. It primarily focuses on the potential for opportunism and the rules imposed by the United States before considering...

... becoming. The humility and patience manifest in pious listening and citationality is what can be called the ethics of hierarchy, and it is central to pious relationality in the Tablighi Jamaat. Ultimately, the ethics of hierarchy is the basis for the moral reproduction of the Tablighi congregation. amal...