...This chapter focuses on Islamism and the struggles of achieving inclusive citizenship and democracy in Indonesia. It notes the anxiety over the presence, scale, and future of Islamism and its implications for citizenship in a country that remains deeply if agonistically plural. Moreover, debates...

... Marxism Puccini Giacomo religion Roth Claudia Soviet Union Trump Donald Will George Alternative für Deutschland elitism Hayek Friedrich Lévy Bernard Henri LGBTQ Locke John Muslims terrorism Weidel Alice Clinton Hillary democracy Eatwell Roger Goodwin Matthew liberals traditional...

... it represented synthesized Liberal and radical traditions. With no explicit mention of socialism, they called more vaguely for “social justice,” “industrial” or “economic democracy,” a politics of “social responsibility,” or even a “cooperative commonwealth.” American social democracy was stronger in some parts...

... Robert Wagner social democracy New York New York politics Reform Democrats Conservative Party John F. Kennedy At the beginning of the 1960s, the Liberal Partywas at the height of its influence, punching above its weight in presidential elections and playing a leading role in rebranding Mayor...

... frustration with the Reagan administration's failure to overcome domestic political opposition. Additionally, the chapter notes the frustration of the United States with Augusto Pinochet's failure to curtail the regime's repression of political opponents and oversee the transition to civilian democracy...

...This chapter examines the formal process of negotiation leading to the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA) and subsequent political dialogue in Myanmar. It shows how the state of Myanmar, including the Tatmadaw and the National League for Democracy (NLD) government, used strategies to control...

...This chapter expounds on denouement in US–Nicaraguan Cold War relations. The administration of George H. W. Bush sought to maintain US pressure on Nicaragua without Ronald Reagan's incendiary and divisive rhetoric. The interventionism defining Reagan's approach to democracy promotion remained...

...This chapter considers the legacy Ronald Reagan left in US foreign relations after the Cold War. The Reagan administration's embrace of democracy promotion became the centerpiece of the US human rights policy and US foreign policy in the early post-Cold War era. Despite the calls for the United...

...This book illuminates how the Reagan administration's embrace of democracy promotion was a defining development in US foreign relations in the late twentieth century. Reagan used democracy promotion to refashion the bipartisan Cold War consensus that had collapsed in the late 1960s amid opposition...

... relating to power, the state, democracy, liberalism, citizenship, and religion. Ultimately, Acton's writings allow us to better understand what makes the individual and society free or unfree, what makes the state and its regime friendly or unfriendly to civil society, and what makes us either citizens...

... a history and therefore a tradition that is essential to its organic development. Another key feature of Acton's theory of liberty is self-governance. The chapter then considers Acton's warning against the amalgamation of pure democracy, the modern state, and revolutionary measures. Acton Baron John Emerich...

... assessing its impact on the quality of democracy in the country. Overall, the discussion finds that coalitional presidentialism is behind Indonesia's remarkable political stability since 2004 as well as its later illiberal tendencies. The fact that most citizens appear to approve of these trends is further...

... counsellors for the young are actually concerned with the matter. The chapter considers how Plato considered the regimes of democracy, oligarchy and monarchy, citing that Euphraeus could hopefully help with speeches benefitting the monarchy. It also mentions that Plato would have refrained from counseling...

... liberalism has long contained a strong element of historical determinism, leading Russian liberals to view history as marching inexorably toward the model of Western liberal democracy. The chapter points out how the invasion of Ukraine marked a historical turning point at which Russia and the West separated...

... professional-class meritocrat. The chapter notes the revolt against the myth on the left, as political figures such as Bernie Sanders and unions such as the Chicago Teacher Union have pushed for a much more robust version of social democracy in which public education is only one piece of a wider set of social...

... famously known for the truth-seeking rationale to protect the freedom of speech, but democracy and autonomy were important reasons to safeguard free expression for him as well. His theories remain relevant today because the freedom of expression raises enduring questions. As the previous chapters show...

...This chapter offers a chronological outline of corruption in postcommunist Hungary. After the peaceful transition from a one-party dictatorship and a command economy to a multiparty parliamentary democracy with a market economy, the country had started to catch up with the West. However, after...

... kept an eye to the future—anticipating the challenges that they would face in Germany. In this way, Italy was a laboratory of democracy, where the Allies learned lessons that they would subsequently apply in Germany. The chapter then looks at the philosophy of textbook revision and considers Italian...

... and unethical, a fact that contributed to Vietnam's weakness and enslavement and hindered the country's development. Ngo Dinh Diem, on the other hand, promised to usher in a new and glorious era in the nation's history marked by democracy, self-determination, and individual rights. This chapter first provides...

... and promote democracy. This chapter first considers the Republic of Vietnam's first national assembly election and the drafting of a constitution in 1956 before discussing the NLF's efforts in organizing South Vietnam's disparate antigovernment forces into a unified insurgency against Ngo Dinh Diem. Denounce...