... was the seemingly unstoppable rise of the Westernized bourgeoisie. In search of an antidote to this menace, he turned for consolation and support to a veritable pantheon of writers. They seemed to him to harbor similar reservations about the course of nineteenth-century “progress.” Thus, he makes free use not only...

...This book concludes by discussing the legacy of the Galles family and their kin in the areas of nation building and civic leadership. It shows how kinship contributed to French nation building in the nineteenth century and provided the glue binding a national bourgeoisie, and explains how...

...This chapter takes a look at how Alain Locke developed his cultural and political sensitivities through his childhood and education. Well educated and middle class, Locke belonged to what was known as “the Black Bourgeoisie.” Additionally, the chapter shows that while he was a philosopher...

..., but which also showed a “compulsion for provisioning the poor and sick.” Champagne's increasingly influential urban bourgeoisie also played a prominent role in bequests to hospitals and in other economic transactions with these institutions. The chapter then looks at the relationship between Champagne's...

... linked by kinship. In analyzing the French bourgeoisie, it also considers what Pierre Bourdieu calls the “habitus” and how internal family love underpins the new consanguineous kinship system. Finally, it describes how the new family and kinship regime of the nineteenth century took root in the fertile...

... marriage and the political integration of Vannes’s bourgeoisie. Estampes Rigault d’ Galles Cécile Marie Galles Jacquette Françoise neé Bertin Galles Jean Marie I cousin of Marc Galles Jean Marie II “Galles ” Galles Marc Jean Baptiste Marc godparents Jollivet René I Le Ridant Jean Marie Galles...

...This chapter analyzes the social world from which the new female communities grew and gained support. It details the emergence of four social groups (a non-knighted aristocracy, women, secular canons, and a bourgeoisie) at the same moment that the women's religious movement took shape in Champagne...

...This chapter tells the story of Jean-Marie Galles and how he became one of the Parisian bourgeoisie, not only in title but also in spirit. When the family decided that Jean-Marie needed a Paris apprenticeship, he went to spend a year with his uncle’s master. On June 6, 1759, he was received...

... families profited from the revolution socially, economically, and politically to become true bourgeoisie in Vannes. capitation tax Galles–Jollivet–Le Ridant family Galles Jacquette Françoise neé Bertin Galles and Son publishing business Jollivet family Le Ridant family power Revolution of 1789...

...This chapter focuses on a legendary symbol of uncompromising war against the bourgeoisie—Ravachol. It stresses that Ravachol was the original propagandist by the deed (anti-)celebrity who inspired Paulino Pallás and many others in the anarchist pantheon of martyrdom and triggered a cycle of bloody...