... as agents of Soviet influence in the Middle East. The bellicose rhetoric of the White House alienated moderate elements of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). Additionally, the 1982 Lebanon War fractured the Palestinian national movement while raining tragedy upon civilians in Lebanon. Reagan's...

... been “free, fair and democratic” but also vow that the United States would not deal with Hamas unless it changed its policies and its involvement in terrorism. Meanwhile, the Lebanon War in 2006—initially supported by the administration as offering the possibility of defeating Hezbollah—gave way...

..., the Gaza Disengagement Plan of 2005, and the second Lebanon war of 2006. It identifies opportunities foregone, failures that resulted from a flawed decision-making process, and the entanglement of Israeli leaders in an inconsistent, highly politicized, and sometimes improvisational planning process...

...Table 8 Manifestation of Pathologies in the 2006 Lebanon War Unplanned Process Politicized Process Semiorganized Anarchy Uninstitutionalized Process Primacy of Defense Establishment Absence of Policy Planning, Objectives, and Options Improvisation Sequential...