...This chapter examines the impact of the June 1967 Arab–Israeli War and and the December 1968 Israeli attack on the Beirut International Airport on Lebanon's political situation. Throughout the 1960s, the United States played a passive yet important role in internal Lebanese politics. In the first...

...This chapter examines the United States's reaction to the outbreak of the Lebanese Civil War in 1975–1976. During the fist eight months following the outbreak of the civil war, the U.S. government remained distant from events in Lebanon. Some, including Henry Kissinger, have implied that the United...

...This book has demonstrated the importance of the U.S. sphere of intervention in the struggles that have defined Lebanon's recent history. It has argued that the United States's policy in Lebanon was always subordinated to U.S. goals in the Cold War and the Arab–Israeli conflict. It has shown...

... debates on the lessons learned following the Vietnam War. The terrorist bombing of the US Marine barracks in Lebanon and the invasion of Grenada worsened the Vietnam syndrome by reinforcing the perceived dangers of sending American forces into confusing, war-torn settings abroad. The chapter notes Reagan...

...Table 4 Manifestation of Pathologies in the Invasion of Lebanon Unplanned Process Politicized Process Semiorganized Anarchy Uninstitutionalized Process Primacy of Defense Establishment Absence of Policy Planning, Objectives, and Options Improvisation...

...Table 8 Manifestation of Pathologies in the 2006 Lebanon War Unplanned Process Politicized Process Semiorganized Anarchy Uninstitutionalized Process Primacy of Defense Establishment Absence of Policy Planning, Objectives, and Options Improvisation Sequential...

...This book examines the extent and causes of political corruption in postwar Lebanon. Drawing on research on comparative corruption, bribery, rent-seeking, and crony capitalism, primarily in less developed countries (LDCs), the book considers high political corruption—that is, forms of corruption...

...This chapter focuses on public institutions that were prone to political corruption in postwar Lebanon, with particular emphasis on how the administrative structures of these institutions compare to the essential features of bureaucratic organization. It considers three broad types of institutions...

...This epilogue suggests that no serious attempt was made to reduce political corruption or to establish genuine peace in Lebanon. It first discusses the popular uprisings that swept through the Arab world in 2011 and attributes them to people's anger over pervasive corruption. It then considers...

...This book documents the extensive political corruption that accompanied the reconstruction of Lebanon after the end of a decade and a half of civil war. With the signing of the Ta'if Accord in 1989, the rebuilding of the country's shattered physical infrastructure and the establishment...

...This chapter provides background information on the history and context for refugees and the systemic state problems in Lebanon and Jordan. It analyzes the state of popular oppositions at the time of the Syrian refugee crisis. It also reviews Lebanon and Jordan's history with refugees...

...This chapter recounts how Jordan and Lebanon changed their policies toward the Syrians, becoming more restrictive as they increased their overt scapegoating of the refugees. It analyses the restrictive policies toward Syrians that were interpreted by aid and international donors as signaling...

...Table 5 Manifestation of Pathologies in the Withdrawal from Lebanon Unplanned Process Politicized Process Semiorganized Anarchy Uninstitutionalized Process Primacy of Defense Establishment Absence of Policy Planning, Objectives, and Options Improvisation...

...This chapter cites the limits of triumphalism in the Middle East in relation to Israel, the Palestinian question, and Lebanon amidst the regime of Ronald Reagan. The Reagan administration's national security strategy boosted an alliance with Israel and marginalized Palestinian nationalists...

...This book examines the connection between the collapse of the Lebanese state and the United States's evolving role in the Middle East. It argues that U.S. policy toward Lebanon was linked to strategies regarding the Cold War and the broader Middle East and that the United States had a limited...

... the course of 1969, the situation in Lebanon would be aggravated by domestic crises, culminating in the November 1969 Cairo Agreement. This chapter first discusses the United States's military intervention in Lebanon under President Richard Nixon before turning to Israel's August 1969 reprisal raids against...

...This chapter focuses on the reemergence of the conflict between Lebanon and Palestine in 1972–1973 and its impact on the United States's Lebanese policy. It first examines the new strategy of attacks undertaken in mid-1971 by some Palestinian groups against international targets, including...

...This chapter examines the so-called Red Line Agreement, an unwritten, informal understanding that Syria and Israel allegedly reached to define the scope of the Syrian intervention in Lebanon. The Red Line Agreement was believed to be the result of a series of secret negotiations conducted via third...

... been “free, fair and democratic” but also vow that the United States would not deal with Hamas unless it changed its policies and its involvement in terrorism. Meanwhile, the Lebanon War in 2006—initially supported by the administration as offering the possibility of defeating Hezbollah—gave way...

...This chapter examines whether the general failure to build sound bureaucratic institutions in Lebanon can be attributed to the politics of formation. More specifically, it highlights five interrelated features of the political settlement that influenced the process of decision making in the Second...