... in the 1950s. French officials grew increasingly alarmed as the onset of the Cold War and the rise of Third Worldism dramatically multiplied the venues and opportunities for African youth to participate in the global debate about what the postwar world should look like. The outbreak of the Algerian Revolution...

... social mobility integration national belonging postwar republic French Africa education reform Brazzaville Conference Conference of Allied Ministers of Education Christianity French laïcité French Union united Europe African youth Plans for postwar educational reconstruction in metropolitan...

...This introductory chapter provides an overview of the interconnectedness of the histories of African decolonization and European integration. World War II was a turning point for education in French Africa and for the colonial administration's stance toward African youth. As the end of the war drew...

... mobilizations, particularly the surveillance of African youth and censorship of their journals. African students Catholicism confessional schooling primary education scholarships secondary education youth exchanges African student associations Cold War francophone Africans pan Africanism...

... reforms European integration African youth postwar youth initiatives religious discrimination racial discrimination postwar France In July 2007, newly elected French president Nicolas Sarkozy made his first official state visit to sub-Saharan Africa as part of a highly publicized campaign pledge...