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The Equality of Flesh: Materialism and Human Commonality in Early Modern Culture

Online ISBN:
9781501775666
Print ISBN:
9781501775659
Publisher:
Cornell University Press
Book

The Equality of Flesh: Materialism and Human Commonality in Early Modern Culture

Brent Dawson
Brent Dawson

Assistant Professor of English

University of Oregon
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Published online:
19 September 2024
Published in print:
15 June 2024
Online ISBN:
9781501775666
Print ISBN:
9781501775659
Publisher:
Cornell University Press

Abstract

This book traces a new genealogy of equality before its formalization under liberalism. While modern ideas of equality are defined through an inner human nature, the book argues that the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries conceptualized equality as an ambivalent and profoundly bodily condition. Everyone was made from the same lowly matter and, as a result, shared the same set of vulnerabilities, needs, and passions. Responding to the political upheavals of colonialism and the intellectual turmoil of new natural philosophies, leading figures of the English Renaissance, including Edmund Spenser and William Shakespeare, anxiously imagined that bodily commonality might undermine differences of religion, race, and class. As the period progressed, later authors developed the revolutionary possibilities of bodily equality even as new ideas of fixed racial inequality emerged. Some challenged political absolutism through the idea of humans as base, embodied creatures. Others offered limited yet important interrogations of racial paradigms. This moment, the book shows, would pass, as bodily equality was marginalized in the liberal theories of John Locke and Thomas Hobbes. In its place, during the Enlightenment pseudoscientific racism would come to anchor inequality in the body. Contending with the lasting implications of material equality for modernity, the book shows how increasingly vehement notions of racial difference eclipsed a nascent sense of human commonality rooted in the basic stuff of life.

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