
Contents
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Opportunism and the Rules of the Incomplete Empire Opportunism and the Rules of the Incomplete Empire
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Alternatives to Indirect Rule Alternatives to Indirect Rule
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Direct Rule Direct Rule
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Domestic Rule Domestic Rule
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Resistance Resistance
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Anti-Americanism Anti-Americanism
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Terrorism Terrorism
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7 Hierarchy in the Arab Middle East
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Published:February 2024
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Abstract
This chapter focuses on hierarchy in the Arab Middle East. The United States faces a real threat of exploitation and entrapment from its subordinates after supporting small elite regimes in the Arab Middle East. Moreover, the United States gets limited policy concession but extensive opportunism undermining the gains from indirect rule. However, regional elites recognized the circumstance and deepened their reliance on their narrow constituencies and sought closer ties to other foreign powers, like Russia and China, further undermining the possible gains to the United States from indirect rule. The chapter cites that the US empire in the Middle East remains incomplete and deeply unsatisfying to Washington but it is unsure how to pull itself out of the region so indirect rule is likely to remain the default relationship.
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