Frenemies: When Ideological Enemies Ally
Frenemies: When Ideological Enemies Ally
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Abstract
This book addresses policy-guiding puzzles such as: Why do international ideological enemies sometimes overcome their differences and ally against shared threats? Why, just as often, do such alliances fail? Alliances among ideological enemies confronting a common foe, or “frenemy” alliances, are unlike coalitions among ideologically similar states facing comparable threats. Members of frenemy alliances are perpetually torn by two powerful opposing forces. The book shows that shared material threats push these states together while ideological differences pull them apart. Each of these competing forces has dominated the other at critical times. This difference has resulted in stable alliances among ideological enemies in some cases but the delay, dissolution, or failure of these alliances in others. The book examines how states' susceptibility to major domestic ideological changes and the nature of the ideological differences among countries provide the key to alliance formation or failure. This sophisticated framework is applied to a diverse range of critical historical and contemporary cases, from the failure of British and French leaders to ally with the Soviet Union against Nazi Germany in the 1930s to the likely evolution of the United States' alliance system against a rising China in the early 21st century. The book's author develops a groundbreaking argument that explains the origins and durability of alliances among ideological enemies and offers policy-guiding perspectives on a subject at the core of international relations.
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Front Matter
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Introduction
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1
Frenemy Alliances: What Are They, and When Are They Likely to Occur?
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chapter 2
An Unrealized Frenemy Alliance: Britain’s and France’s Failure to Ally with the Soviet Union, 1933–39
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3
A Tipping-Point Frenemy Alliance: The Delay in the Formation of the Sino-American Alliance against the Soviet Union, 1972–79
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4
A Breaking-Point Frenemy Alliance: The Ending of the Turkish-Israeli Alliance, 2009–10
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Conclusion
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End Matter
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Appendix A
Summary of the Relationships Between Configurations of Ideological Distances and the Likelihood of Frenemy ALLIANCES
- Appendix B Examples of Realized and Unrealized Frenemy Alliances by Ideological Configuration
- Appendix C Frenemy Allies of the United States, 1946–90
- Appendix D Formal Frenemy Allies of the United States, 1947–89
- Appendix E Formal Frenemy Allies of the Soviet Union, 1947–89
- Appendix F Frenemy Alliances Involving the Superpowers in the Middle East, 1955–79
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Notes
- Index
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Appendix A
Summary of the Relationships Between Configurations of Ideological Distances and the Likelihood of Frenemy ALLIANCES
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