
Contents
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Effective Dead Effective Dead
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The Akh in Pyramid Texts and Coffin Texts The Akh in Pyramid Texts and Coffin Texts
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The Akh in False-Door Stelae The Akh in False-Door Stelae
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The Akh in Appeals to the Living The Akh in Appeals to the Living
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The Akh in Letters to the Dead The Akh in Letters to the Dead
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Socioreligious Significance of the Terms ȝḫ jqr and ȝḫ ʿpr Socioreligious Significance of the Terms ȝḫ jqr and ȝḫ ʿpr
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The Akhu as Part of Maat, World Order The Akhu as Part of Maat, World Order
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Notes Notes
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Cite
Abstract
This chapter examines the supernatural, social aspect of the dead—the akhu. It establishes the “norm” from which esteemed dead diverge. The chapter considers funerary literature (Pyramid Texts and Coffin Texts), Appeals to the Living, and Letters to the Dead. It shows that quotidian interactions with the dead were part of expected social behavior and that these interactions were fundamentally personal, concerned with issues of fertility or illness, rather than more profound concerns, such as admittance into the afterlife. When an ancient Egyptian died, their goal would be to become an akh so that they could remain socially “alive.” Engagement with the akh did not challenge royal authority, but was part of ancient Egyptian religious order.
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