
Contents
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Different Circumstances, Same Model Different Circumstances, Same Model
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Iraq’s Bioweapons Program: The Development of a House of Cards Iraq’s Bioweapons Program: The Development of a House of Cards
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Program Overview Program Overview
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Insufficient Knowledge Base and Programmatic Discontinuities Insufficient Knowledge Base and Programmatic Discontinuities
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Compartmentalization, Autocratic Management, and Lack of Direction Compartmentalization, Autocratic Management, and Lack of Direction
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Political Intrusion Political Intrusion
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South Africa’s Bioweapons Program South Africa’s Bioweapons Program
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Program Overview Program Overview
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Insufficient and Corrupted Knowledge Base Insufficient and Corrupted Knowledge Base
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Compartmentalization and Coercion Compartmentalization and Coercion
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Lack of Oversight Lack of Oversight
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Aum Shinrikyo Aum Shinrikyo
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Lack of Bioweapons Expertise Lack of Bioweapons Expertise
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Vertical Structure, Autocratic Decision Making, and Compartmentalization Vertical Structure, Autocratic Decision Making, and Compartmentalization
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Discontinuous and Conflictual Work Environment Discontinuous and Conflictual Work Environment
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6 Small Bioweapons Programs and the Constraints of Covertness
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Published:November 2014
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Abstract
This chapter argues that achieving covertness in a bioweapons program can be likened to a double-edged sword: though it can shield an illicit program from outside scrutiny while the program seeks the materials needed to commence its objective, it can also be a powerful impediment to success, similar to the case of the Soviet bioweapons program. In addition, the increased financial burden and its effects on knowledge management can derail a program. These problems are evident in covert bioweapons programs in Iraq, South Africa, and the terrorist group Aum Shinrikyo. The deleterious power of covertness of these three programs was distinguished by two factors: insufficient knowledge base at the outset, and coercive character of their regimes.
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