
Contents
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Middle Eastern Oil Discovered Middle Eastern Oil Discovered
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Countries and OPEC Assume More Power over Oil Countries and OPEC Assume More Power over Oil
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Oil during the Cold War Oil during the Cold War
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From Iranian Revolution to Afghanistan Invasion From Iranian Revolution to Afghanistan Invasion
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Middle Eastern Oil and American Intervention Middle Eastern Oil and American Intervention
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The American-led Response The American-led Response
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Iraq’s Defiance of UN Resolutions Iraq’s Defiance of UN Resolutions
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The U.S.-led Invasion of Iraq The U.S.-led Invasion of Iraq
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Immediate Background to the 2003 Invasion Immediate Background to the 2003 Invasion
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Non-Oil Factors in Going to War Non-Oil Factors in Going to War
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Oil, Perceived National Interests, and the Iraq War Oil, Perceived National Interests, and the Iraq War
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Oil and Nonnational Interests Oil and Nonnational Interests
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1 America and Middle Eastern Oil
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Published:September 2011
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Abstract
This chapter explains the rising role of oil in American foreign policy toward the Middle East and, in doing so, identifies key signposts of the rise of the oil era in the Middle East. This enables a better understanding of what role American actions may play in motivating terrorism and how those actions are perceived and misperceived. The story of the petroleum triangle cannot be understood without a sense of America's role and of the broader rise of the oil era. The chapter discusses events such as the discovery of oil in the Middle East in the early twentieth century; changes in the behavior and fortunes of actors in the Middle East that politicized oil; oil during the Cold War; the impact of the 1979 Iranian Revolution; Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990 and America's response; and the U.S.-led Invasion of Iraq in 1991.
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