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This book was born in Piazza Navona on a sunny January day more than ten years ago. In the final stages of completing another book and too frazzled to think concretely about a new topic needed for a grant application, I asked my lunch companion, Marina D’Amelia, for ideas about what to work on next. Off the top of her head, she replied, “Forced monachization.” Marina therefore deserves sole credit for pointing me toward what has turned out to be a difficult but fascinating research project. She, of course, bears no responsibility for its protracted gestation.
In the course of research and writing, I have incurred numerous debts of gratitude. Let me recognize first those who have shared their technical expertise. From beginning to end, in addition to providing moral support, my departmental colleague Duane Osheim cheerfully revealed to me the arcana of information technology. At an early stage, Susan Dempsey of ITC (Information Technology and Communication, University of Virginia) expertly converted a digest of my evidence into Excel form. For generating illustrative material and bailing me out of trouble on numerous occasions, I owe thanks to three successive graduate student computer assistants in the Corcoran Department of History. Thomas Bryan and Ross Blair created the tables and graphs; Loren Moulds converted my digest into a searchable database and placed it on the Internet. With patience and dispatch, a professional cartographer, Bill Nelson, created the maps.
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