Volume 79, Issue 3, 15 September 2024

We developed a model using electronically available data to predict antibiotics prescribed at hospital discharge. A risk-adjusted metric based on this model showed that some hospitals are more successful in reducing antibiotic overuse at this transition of care.

We found no overall association between metastatic complications (predominantly musculoskeletal) and death due to Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. Each endpoint was associated with distinct host, clinical and microbiologic features. Age and multi-morbidity were associated with death but not metastatic infection.

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) should not be used for the treatment of acute COVID-19 infections due to safety concerns. ARBs should be used cautiously in patients hospitalized with pneumonia.

This article reports the protocol for the adjunctive treatment domain of the Staphylococcus aureus Network Adaptive Platform (SNAP) trial. The adjunctive treatment domain aims to test the effectiveness of adjunctive clindamycin in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.

While the primary endpoint of the study was not significant, the data suggest eliminating latent viral RNA by increasing serum RNase activity may improve fatigue in patients with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2. Women may respond better to this approach than men.

Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir was associated with reductions in 30-day hospitalizations and deaths in older veterans, those at highest predicted risk for severe outcomes, and immunocompromised groups. Benefit was not observed in younger veterans or groups at lower predicted risk for hospitalization and death.

This study describes the clinical features and prognosis of Cutibacterium spp. valvular and cardiac device–related infective endocarditis in a nationwide prospective cohort over a 16-year period and examines the impact of molecular techniques and the new Duke-ISCVID criteria on diagnosis.

This preplanned subgroup analysis of the ReSTORE trial supports rezafungin efficacy and safety versus caspofungin for the treatment of candidemia and/or invasive candidiasis in patients with a positive culture close to randomization, who may represent patients with more serious infections.

Independent risk factors for invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) are indoor burn, deep burn surface area, and severity score. IFD is independently associated with a risk of death.

Our study provides real-world evidence concerning the implementation and impact of mother-to-child hepatitis B prevention programs using infant–mother pairs to assess hepatitis B surface antigen prevalence, including maternal antiviral prophylaxis as the standard of care.

People with human immunodeficiency virus with both cytological anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and nadir CD4 cell count ≤200/µL face 13-fold increased anal cancer risk compared with those lacking both. Anal cancer mortality (21%) occurred exclusively among stage IIIA patients.

We applied machine learning to predict HIV incidence in a high-incidence US county using deidentified public health data, focusing on sociodemographic factors and sexually transmitted infections. The models showed high accuracy, suggesting the potential for guiding public health strategies.

In utero human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and antiretroviral (ARV) exposure is associated with lower insulin sensitivity through the first 36 months of life, indicating metabolic disturbances and potentiallly poorer metabolic health later in life for children with perinatal HIV/ARV exposure.

A total of 931 gram-negative bloodstream infection episodes involving 818 children were studied. The children were typically young and medically complex. Enterobacterales comprised 71%, of which 22% demonstrated third-generation cephalosporin resistance. Bloodstream infections caused by Enterobacterales resistant to third-generation cephalosporin were associated with worse outcomes.

Congenital syphilis pregnancy outcomes in Missouri are strongly associated with inadequate prenatal care, substance use, housing instability, and interactions with the justice system. Future studies should evaluate the role of social support in prevention and management of congenital syphilis.

This cluster-randomized trial demonstrated that integrating QuantiFERON Gold In-Tube testing into routine HIV care led to substantially higher testing and preventive treatment for tuberculosis infection than the standard of care. This trial was conducted in South Africa with 2232 patients in the analysis.

In pediatric myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients, pretransplant symptomatic upper respiratory tract infections, including human rhinovirus virus, is associated with increased duration of hospitalization after transplant in univariable models.

Changes in influenza incidence generally occur gradually as individuals age, with increases in hospitalization incidence beginning around 50 years of age. Influenza infections frequently result in serious secondary complications such as pneumonia and are associated with frequent antibiotic and antiviral prescriptions.

The existing definitions of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease for use in clinical trials have been updated. The update is based on new developments including the introduction of clinically significant CMV infection and developments in diagnosis of CMV disease.

This article explores the management of pelvic osteomyelitis in patients with stage IV pressure injuries, emphasizing the need for multidisciplinary care and highlighting the challenges faced by healthcare providers due to the lack of high-quality evidence to guide best practices.